授課老師：游佳萍 老師 學 生：吳雅真 學 號： 690520159

1. Introducing the Computer Self-Efficacy to the Expectation-Confirmation Model: In Virtual Learning Environments 授課老師：游佳萍 老師 學 生：吳雅真 學 號：690520159

2. Introduction • Internet technologies are having a significant impact on the learning industry • E-learning is a new idea in educational domain, because of its variety and controversy

3. Research Questions • Our research purpose is to test and verify the constructs of ECM in virtual learning environments which are developed by TKU distance learning organization called “idea” • In addition, our research introduces a Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) construct into ECM, and explores the influence between CSE and other constructs of ECM

4. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

5. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Cont. 1) • Davis conceived that user acceptance of IT is modeled through TAM on this belief-attitude-intention-behavior relationship • Davis asserted that perceived usefulness and ease of use represent beliefs leading to such acceptance

6. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Cont. 2) • Perceived usefulness is the degree to which a person believes that a particular system would enhance his or her job performance • Perceived ease of use is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort

7. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Cont. 3) • Attitude towards use is the user's evaluation of the desirability of employing a particular information systems application • Behavioral intention to use is a measure of the likelihood a person will employ the application

8. Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT)

9. Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) (Cont. 1) • Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) is widely used in the customer behaviors literature to study consumer satisfaction, post-purchase behavior and service marketing in general • Lower expectation and/ or higher performance lead to greater confirmation, which in turn positively influence customer satisfaction and continuance intention.

10. Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) (Cont. 2) • ECT holds that consumers’ intention to repurchase a product or continue service use is determined primarily by their satisfaction with prior use of that product or service • ECT also theorized expectation as an additional determinant of satisfaction

11. Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM)

12. Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) (Cont.) • In 2001, Bhattacherjee proposed an Expectation-Confirmation Model by integrating Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) • Bhattacherjee emphasized that ECM is a post-acceptance model of IS Continuance

13. Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) • In an IT usage context, computer self-efficacy which represents an individual’s perceptions of his or her ability to use computers in the accomplishment of a task, rather than reflecting simple component skills • Computer self-efficacy refers to a judgment of one’s capability to use a computer

14. Research Model

15. Research Hypothesis • H1 Users’ extent of confirmation is positively associated with their perceived usefulness of IS use. • H2 Users’ extent of confirmation is positively associated with their satisfaction of IS use.

16. Research Hypothesis (Cont. 1) • H3 Users’ perceived usefulness of IS use is positively associated with their satisfaction of IS use. • H4 Users’ IS continuance intention is positively associated with their perceived usefulness of IS use.

17. Research Hypothesis (Cont. 2) • H5 Users’ level of satisfaction with initial IS use is positively associated with their IS continuance intention. • H6 The higher the individual’s computer self-efficacy, the higher his/her use of computers.

18. Research Hypothesis (Cont. 3) • H7 The higher the individual’s computer self-efficacy, the higher his/her affect of computer use. • H8 The higher the individual’s computer self-efficacy, the higher his/her outcome expectations are.

19. Method (Cont. 1) • Data/Sample • A total sample of 240 students who took a MIS course by web-based environments in this semester • The target population for the validation study was sophomore students of MIS department in Tamkang University who take a Managements of Information Systems (MIS) instruction course by idea e-learning platform

20. Method (Cont. 2) • Procedure • The instructor communicated with students by E-mail, discussion board, and online meeting. • The instructor will have a class meeting once in couple weeks, and students can discuss anything face to face about MIS course or problems with instructor and classmates. • The homework is needed if the instructor assigned.

21. Method (Cont. 3) • Procedure (Cont.) • The platform provided students electronic bulletin board, on-line meeting, courses content (HTML format) and etc. • The questionnaire will process in two steps, pre-test and post-test

22. Methodology (Cont. 1) • Employed a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design • Constructs will be measured by using multiple-item scales, drawn from pre-validated measures in IS use or ECT related research (whenever possible), and reworded to relate specifically to the context of e-learning related use

23. Methodology (Cont. 2) • Questionnaire • Perceived Usefulness items were adapted from Davis et al. (1989) six-item perceived usefulness scale and use 7-point Likert type • Confirmation: we adapted Bhattacherjeer (2001) three-item confirmation and the scale is from 1 to 7, very disagreed/ very agreed.

24. Methodology (Cont. 3) • Questionnaire (Cont. 1) • Satisfaction: This scale captured respondents’ satisfaction levels along seven-point scales anchored between four semantic differential adjective pairs: “very dissatisfied/very satisfied,”“very displeased/very pleased,”“very frustrated/very contented,” and “absolutely terrible/absolutely delighted”

25. Methodology (Cont. 4) • Questionnaire (Cont. 2) • IS continuance intention was measured using three items adapted from Bhattacherjee (2001) • Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) was measured by the 10-item instrument developed by Compeau and Higgins (1995)

26. Expected Result • Because e-learning is also a new technologies for popular, and we think the research that we worked on might be have the same results with the original research that Bhattacherjee (2001) proposed

27. Expected Result (Cont.) • First, the ECM was proposed in 2001 by Bhattacherjee, it has not been proved in web-based field context, and it is the main contribution that we want to bring up in this paper. • Second, we hope that our framework would also prove the CSE is an important construct in IS field.