1 / 21

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes. Structure Cocci : Sphere, 1 micrometer Bacilli: Rod, 2 micrometer Spirilla : Spiral, 5 micrometer Gram Positive: simple walls, thick layer of peptidoglycan Gram Negative: complex walls, two membranes, thin layer of peptidogylcan. Gram Positive vs. Negative.

oki
Download Presentation

Prokaryotes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Prokaryotes

  2. Prokaryotes • Structure • Cocci: Sphere, 1 micrometer • Bacilli: Rod, 2 micrometer • Spirilla: Spiral, 5 micrometer • Gram Positive: simple walls, thick layer of peptidoglycan • Gram Negative: complex walls, two membranes, thin layer of peptidogylcan

  3. Gram Positive vs. Negative

  4. Prokaryotes • Antibiotics work by breaking down cell wall • Inhibits peptidoglycan linking together • Only affects prokaryotes and not eukaryotes • Eukaryotes don’t have peptidoglycans OR cell walls

  5. Prokaryotes • Stick around: prokaryotes may rely on the ability to stay in host or location • Capsule: sticky layer outside of cell wall • Help adhere to surface • Protection • Fimbriae: hairlike that stick to surface • Short, many • Pili: hairlike that stick to surface • Long, few

  6. Prokaryotes • Movement • Prokaryotes use flagella: tail like structure to create directional movement • Otherwise, they demonstrate taxis • Taxis: movement toward or away from stimulus

  7. Prokaryotes • Do not have specialized organelles • Special membranes to conduct energy processes • Respiration • Photosynthesis

  8. Prokaryotes • No nucleus, BUT a NUCLEOID REGION • DNA found in this region • DNA is a genetic ring: Prokaryotic chromosome • Smaller plasmids of DNA • Ribosomes are smaller in prokaryotes

  9. Prokaryotes • Reproduction • Binary Fission: single parent divides into two daughter cells • Exponential growth • Slowed by antibiotics that inhibit reproduction

  10. Prokaryotes

  11. Prokaryotes • Rapid reproduction leads to faster evolution • More chances for mutation • More mutation means more opportunities for evolution • Prokaryotes and bacteria become antibiotic resistant over time • Fewer genes to mutate

  12. Prokaryotes • Nutrition: different methods of creating energy • Photoautotrophs: use photosynthesis to make food and use Carbon from CO2 • Chemoautotrophs: use Carbon from CO2, use inorganic substances to make energy: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide

  13. Prokaryotes • Photoheterotrophs: use photosynthesis, but need Carbon from organic source • Chemoheterotrophs: Carbon from organic source, make energy from inorganic substances.

  14. Prokaryotes • Metabolism: based on Oxygen • Obligate aerobes: need use O2 for respiration but cannot grow without it. • Facultative anaerobes: can use O2 but can grow with out it through fermentation • Obligate anaerobes: poisoned by O2, live exclusively through fermentation

  15. Prokaryotes • Nitrogen fixation: conversion of “fixed Nitrogen” into ammonia • Very important for Plant life • Metabolic cooperation also happens between prokaryotes so they can use their environment’s resources efficiently.

  16. Prokaryotes • Proteobacteria: gram negative bacteria, anaerobic or aerobic • Alpha: eukaryotic hosts • Beta: important for nitrogen cycling/fixation • Gamma: E. Coli, and Salmonella • Delta: Slime Bacteria • Epsilon: pathogenic to humans

  17. Prokaryotes • Chlamydias: parasites in animal cells • Spirochetes: free living, spiral shaped • Gram-positive bacteria: colony and individual bacteria • Cyanobacteria: plant like, lives in water, very important for marine ecosystems

  18. Prokaryotes • Archaea Prokaryotes • Korarchaeotes • Euryarchaeotes • Crenarchaeotes • Nanoarchaeotes

  19. Prokaryotes

  20. Prokaryotes

  21. Prokaryotes

More Related