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Data Collection and Analysis in the U.S. Demographic System

Data Collection and Analysis in the U.S. Demographic System. John F. Long www.usademography.com. Dimensions of Data Collection. Geography – Nation State County City Tract Block Housing unit. Time Period – Decennial Annual Monthly Characteristics – Demographic Social Economic.

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Data Collection and Analysis in the U.S. Demographic System

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  1. Data Collection and Analysis in the U.S. Demographic System John F. Long www.usademography.com

  2. Dimensions of Data Collection Geography – Nation State County City Tract Block Housing unit • Time Period – • Decennial • Annual • Monthly • Characteristics – • Demographic • Social • Economic

  3. Dimensions of Data Collection

  4. Major Data Collection Systems 2010 Census Vital Event Registration Administrative Data American Community Survey (annual) Monthly Labor Force Survey Specialized Household Surveys

  5. Dimensions of Data Collection

  6. Data Collection Types

  7. Dimensions of Data Collection

  8. 2000 Decennial Census – (geography by characteristics) In Census 2000, the census used 2 forms “short” form – asked for basic demographic and housing information, such as age, sex, race, how many people lived in the housing unit, and if the housing unit was owned or rented by the resident “long” form – collected the same information as the short form but also collected more in-depth information such as income, education, and language spoken at home Only a small portion of the population, called asample, received the long form. 8

  9. 2010 U.S. Decennial Census (geography by selected characteristics) Design Features Basic Demographic Data Only Hand-held GPS address canvassing Mailed Census Forms Non-response follow-up Functions Political Apportionment / Redistricting Fund Allocation and Policy Implementation Base for Estimates and Surveys

  10. 2010 Census Timeline Spring 2009: Census employees go door-to-door to update address list nationwide. February – March 2010: Census questionnaires are mailed or delivered to households. April 1, 2010: Census Day April – July 2010: Census takers visit households that did not return a questionnaire by mail. December 2010: By law, Census Bureau delivers population counts to President for apportionment. March 2011: By law, Census Bureau completes delivery of redistricting data to states.

  11. GPS Address Canvassing

  12. Mail-out Census Forms

  13. 2010 Census Questionnaire

  14. 7 Census Questions per person -Name -Sex -Relationship -Date of Birth -Race -Hispanic Ethnicity -Housing Tenure

  15. Census 2010 Questions (part 1)

  16. Census 2010 Questions (part 2)

  17. Census 2010 Questions (part 3)

  18. Processing Forms

  19. Non-Response Follow-up Personal Interview

  20. Vital Events and Administrative Data --(geography by time) Annual data on Births and Deaths for Counties from Vital Events Registration Annual data on migration from administrative records -tax returns -immigration registration -housing construction

  21. Household Surveys-(characteristics by time) National data on specific topics from national household surveys - monthly unemployment - government program participation - school enrollment - etc.

  22. Increasing Rate of Change of Social and Demographic Factors Small Area Data Previously Available only Every 10 Years (census) National Survey provided data only at the level of states or above American Community Survey will provide more frequent data for small areas

  23. American Community Survey-(geography by characteristics by time) Based on Results of Latest Census Controlled to Annual Independent Estimates Provides Annual detailed Data for Demographic, Social , and Economic Characteristics for large areas Provides 5-year detailed data for the smallest geographies

  24. 2010 Census and American Community Survey 2010 Census will focus on counting the U.S. population The sample data are now collected in the ACS Puerto Rico is the only U.S. territory where the ACS is conducted 2010 Census will have a long form for U.S. territories such as Guam and U.S. Virgin Islands Same “short form” questions on the ACS 24

  25. American Community SurveyContent 25

  26. American Community Survey Social Characteristics Education Marital Status Fertility Grandparent Caregivers Veterans Disability Status • Place of Birth • Citizenship • Year of Entry • Language Spoken at Home • Ancestry / Tribal • Affiliation 26

  27. American Community Survey Economic Characteristics Income Benefits Employment Status Occupation Industry Commuting to Work Place of Work 27

  28. American Community Survey Housing Characteristics Tenure Occupancy & Structure Housing Value Taxes & Insurance Utilities Mortgage/Monthly Rent 28

  29. American Community Survey Demographic Characteristics Sex Age Race Hispanic Origin 29

  30. American Community Survey Methodology Sample includes about 3 million addresses each year Three modes of data collection mail phone personal visit Data are collected continuously throughout the year 30

  31. Telephone Non-Response Follow-up

  32. American Community SurveyTarget Population Resident population of the United States and Puerto Rico Living in housing units and group quarters Current residents at the selected address “Two month” rule 32

  33. American Community SurveyGroup Quarters Place where people live or stay that is normally owned or managed by an entity or organization providing housing or services for the residents. 2 categories of group quarters: Institutional Non-institutional 33

  34. American Community Survey Period Estimates ACS estimates are period estimates, describing the average characteristics over a specified period Contrast with point-in-time estimates that describe the characteristics of an area on a specific date 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year estimates will be released for geographic areas that meet specific population thresholds 34

  35. American Community Survey Data Products Release Schedule * Five-year estimates will be available for areas as small as census tracts and block groups. Source: US Census Bureau 35

  36. American Community SurveySimilarities with Census 2000 Same questions and many of the same basic statistics 5-year estimates will be produced for same broad set of geographic areas including census tracts and block groups 36

  37. American Community SurveyKey Differences from Census 2000 Beginning in 2010, data for small geographic areas will be produced every year versus once every 10 years Data for large and mid-sized areas are available now and data for small areas will be available in December 2010 Census 2000 data described the population and housing as of April 1, 2000 while ACS data describe a period of time and require data for 12 months, 36 months, or 60 months 37

  38. American Community SurveyKey Differences from Census 2000 The goal of ACS is to produce data comparable to the Census 2000 long form data These estimates will cover the same small areas as Census 2000 but with smaller sample sizes Smaller sample sizes for 5-year ACS estimates results in reductions in the reliability of estimates 38

  39. Data Analysis Issues Define Analytical/Policy Issue Choice of Data Collection Types Integrating Multiple Data Collection Results: example of migration Emerging Issues in the U. S. and Measurement Strategies

  40. Data Analysis from Different Data Dimensions

  41. Example: Migration Analysis 2000 Census data provided data for a 5-year period No migration data from 2010 Census Alternatives – - CPS data - Administrative records - American Community Survey

  42. Alternative Migration Data Sets Previous Censuses – geography by characteristics Administrative Records – geography by time Household Surveys – characteristics by time American Community Survey (ACS) – geography by characteristics by time

  43. ACS Comparability Issues -5-years of annual ACS data is not equivalent to a migration period of 5-years (return and repeat migration) -Small geographic areas require use of multi-year averages -Sampling error can mask demographic change – especially for net migration.

  44. Comparison of 1-year Migration and Mobility Rates from the American Community Survey and the March Current Population Survey: 2005, 2006, and 2007 Conclusion: ACS rates are 10 to 20 % higher than CPS rates.

  45. Comparison of 1-year Net Migration from the 2007 American Community Survey and the 2007 Intercensal Population Estimates: Selected Areas in Michigan Conclusion: ACS net migration numbers and rates are similar to intercensal estimates.

  46. Conclusion ---Multiple data collection methods in the U.S. demographic system– particularly the new American Community Survey – provide flexibility and new insights to social and demographic change ---However, comparing results across systems requires care and an understanding of methodological differences.

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