Transport and the City Results of UITP research Jérôme Pourbaix

1. Transport and the CityResults of UITP researchJérôme Pourbaix 17.01.08 Aqaba

2. Mobility in Cities Database • 120 indicators of urban mobility economics. • Collected in 50 cities worldwide. • Data for 1995 and 2001.

3. Structure of the Presentation • The relationship between mobility behaviour and the performance of urban transport. • Policies in favour of public transport.

4. Energy Consumption for Passenger Transport • Energy consumption for passenger transport = • Consumption of fuel for private modes (cars, etc.) • + • Consumption of fuel and electricity for public transport. • Expressed in Mega Joules / inhabitant / year

5. Energy Consumption for Passenger Transport Annual energy consumption (megajoules/inhabitant)

6. Energy Consumption for Passenger Transport Annual energy consumption (megajoules/inhabitant) Chicago

7. Energy Consumption for Passenger Transport Annual energy consumption (megajoules/inhabitant) Hong-Kong

8. Energy Consumption for Passenger Transport • Other explicative factors: • Urban density, • Size of the city, • Volume of mobility, • Cost of fuel. Savings represent about 20 full tanks per person per year.

9. Cost of Transport for the Community • Cost of Transport for the Community = • Cost of public transport operation + investment • + • Cost of building and maintaining roads • + • Cost of using a car for the citizens • Expressed in % of the urban GDP

10. Cost of Transport for the Community Cost of transport for the community (% of GDP) Proportion of trips made on foot, by bicycle and on public transport

11. Cost of Transport for the Community Cost of transport for the community (% of GDP) Chicago Proportion of trips made on foot, by bicycle and on public transport

12. Cost of Transport for the Community Cost of transport for the community (% of GDP) Helsinki Proportion of trips made on foot, by bicycle and on public transport

13. Cost of Transport for the Community • Other explicative factors: • Urban density, • Richness of the city. Savings represent about $ 3,000 per person per year.

14. Structure of the Presentation • The relationship between mobility behaviour and the performance of urban transport. • Policies in favour of public transport.

15. Policies in Favour of Public Transport • Development of public transport • Control of car traffic and parking • Integration of spatial planning and public transport

16. Development of Public TransportCoverage of Urban Areas by Public Transport Networks Public transport market share (mechanised & motorised trips) Number of vehicle x km per hectare

17. Development of Public TransportCoverage of Urban Areas by Public Transport Networks Public transport market share (mechanised & motorised trips) Vienna Sao Paulo London Number of vehicle x km per hectare

18. Development of Public TransportCoverage of Urban Areas by Public Transport Networks • Annual growth rate of volume of supply per hectare over 3% in Vienna and Munich. • In Vienna, extension of networks running on reserved routes and urban planning policy oriented towards public transport. • In Munich, sustained investment in public transport (in particular rail) and high standard of service (including capillarity, frequency, modern fleet).

19. Development of Public TransportRelative speed of public transport Public transport market share (mechanised & motorised trips) Average car speed / average public transport speed

20. Development of Public TransportRelative speed of public transport • Public transport speed increase of about 1.5% per year in Madrid and London. • In Madrid, connection of suburban settlements with city centre and with each other through development of rail infrastructure. • In London, extensive network of bus lanes, junctions with priority, strict enforcement, roadside and on-board cameras.

21. Policies in Favour of Public Transport • Development of public transport • Control of car traffic and parking • Integration of spatial planning and public transport

22. Control of car traffic and parkingTraffic Management • Banning through traffic in city centre, except for buses and tramways. • Access restrictions to specific areas of the city: • Access restricted to residents and authorized vehicles, • Access restricted during peak hours, • Access for clean vehicles only, • Access for public transport and pedestrians only.

23. Control of car traffic and parkingParking Policy Public transport market share (mechanised & motorised trips) Number of parking spaces per 1000 jobs in the CBD

24. Control of car traffic and parkingRoad Charging • Congestion charging: discouraging the use of private vehicles in a given area or given period through the application of a charge. • Development of congestion AND emissions charging.

25. Policies in Favour of Public Transport • Development of public transport • Control of car traffic and parking • Integration of spatial planning and public transport

26. Integration of spatial planning and public transport: Structuring suburban developments • In Stockholm, the city structure plan recommends integrating public transport with new urban development projects. • In Bern, there is a long tradition of development along suburban railway network.

27. Integration of spatial planning and public transport: Mixing activities along high quality networks • In Helsinki, concentration of new buildings along public transport corridors, • In Oslo, mixed use developments around public transport nodes, • In Singapore, high density development around railway stations.

28. Conclusion • The strength of public transport and the city are intertwined. • Benefits of public transport are maximised when policies in favour of public transport are integrated with measures for traffic reduction and spatial planning. • www.uitp.org