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Lithium

Lithium. By: Jun. Basic Information on Lithium. Name: Lithium Symbol: Li Atomic number: 3 Atomic weight: [ 6.941 (2)] Standard state: solid at 24.85˚C Group in periodic table: 1 Group name: Alkali metal Period in periodic table: 2 Colour : silvery white/grey Classification: Metallic.

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Lithium

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  1. Lithium By: Jun

  2. Basic Information on Lithium Name: Lithium Symbol: Li Atomic number: 3 Atomic weight: [ 6.941 (2)] Standard state: solid at 24.85˚C Group in periodic table: 1 Group name: Alkali metal Period in periodic table: 2 Colour: silvery white/grey Classification: Metallic

  3. Lithium

  4. History • Discovered by Johan August Arfvedsonat 1817 • At Stockholm, Sweden • The Greek word “Lithos” mean “stone”

  5. History (Continued) How: “The mineral petalite (which contains lithium) was discovered by the Brazilian scientist José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva towards the end of the 18th century while visiting Sweden. Lithium was discovered by Johan August Arfvedson in 1817 during an analysis of petalite ore, an ore now recognised to be LiAl(Si2O5)2, taken from the Swedish island of Utö. Arfvedson subsequently discovered lithium in the minerals spodumene and lepidolite. C.G. Gmelin observed in 1818 that lithium salts colour flames bright red. Neither Gmelin nor Arfvedson were able to isolate the element itself from lithium salts, for example in attempted reductions by heating the oxide with iron or carbon.” Extracted from http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html See that? It’s not plagiarizing.

  6. Physical Properties • Melting points: 180.54 °C • Boiling points: 1342 °C • Density of solid: 535 kg m-3

  7. Reaction With Air • Lithium can be cut easily • The surface is shiny and silvery • This soon tarnishes because of reaction with oxygen and moisture from the surrounding. • When burned in air, it’s main product is a white oxide, Lithium oxide (Li2O) • Also produce some Lithium Peroxide Li2O2

  8. Reaction With Water • Reacts slowly with water to form a colourless solution. (Litium hydroxide, LiOH; and hydrogen gas, H2) • It is a basic reaction because of the dissolved hydroxide • It is an exothermic reaction • Slower than sodium because sodium is right below Lithium in periodic table

  9. Reaction With the Halogens • Reacts vigorously with all halogens to form Lithium halides With fluorine = 2Li(s) + F2(g) → LiF(s) With Chlorine = 2Li(s) + Cl2(g) → LiCl(s) With Bromine = 2Li(s) + Br2(g) → LiBr(s) With Iodine = 2Li(s) + I2(g) → LiI(s)

  10. Reaction With Acids • Dissolves readily in dilute sulphuric acid to form solution with aquated Li(I) ion and H2 2Li(s) + H2SO4(aq) → 2Li+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + H2(g)

  11. Uses of Lithium before “The first recorded use of lithium for the treatment of mania, based in part on the urate/lithium connection, was 1871. Use of lithium carbonate (the current pill form of lithium) to prevent depression came in 1886.” Extracted from: http://www.psycheducation.org/depression/meds/LithiumHistory.htm

  12. Uses of Lithium later • Public learned about lithium, great interest in this mineral led to the use of mineral-rich spring waters in spas, baths, and beverages. • Most of these mineral waters contained traces of lithium • Dangers of lithium and higher concentrations were not recognized. • When a tablet form was used as a salt substitute in low-sodium diets, there were many reports of severe lithium side effects, and some deaths.

  13. Uses of Lithium Now • lithium stearate is mixed with oils to make all-purpose and high-temperature lubricants • lithium is alloyed with aluminium, copper, manganese, and cadmium to make high perfomance alloys for aircraft • lithium metal has the highest specific heat of any solid element and so heat transfer applications • various nuclear applications • lithium is sometimes used as battery anode material (high electrochemical potential) and lithium compounds are used in dry cells and storage batteries

  14. Why Lithium Important? It is important and effective in treating mentally illness bipolar disorder by reducing the severity of the mood swings.

  15. Major Producers At 2009: Chile with 7,400 tonnes Australia 4,400 tonnes China 2,300 tonnes Argentina 2,200 tonnes Worldwide estimates totaling 18,000 tonnes.

  16. Bibliography

  17. Thank You >:)

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