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Weimar Germany: Political Reforms and Challenges (1918-1923)

This overview of Weimar Germany focuses on the pivotal years from 1918 to 1923, detailing significant political reforms initiated in October 1918 with Prince Max von Baden becoming Chancellor. It highlights the coalition government and major reforms, including changes to the constitution and the reduction of the Kaiser’s powers. The proclamation of the Republic by Philipp Scheidemann and the emergence of new political parties, such as the SPD, USPD, KPD, and the rise of the NSDAP, alongside the challenges of hyperinflation and the Treaty of Versailles, are also explored.

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Weimar Germany: Political Reforms and Challenges (1918-1923)

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  1. Birth of Weimar Germany: Year of Crisis, 1918-1923November 16, Week 7

  2. Reforms of October 1918 3 October: Prince Max von Baden installed as Chancellor. Coalition of Centre Party, Liberals and SPD. 26 October: Reform of the Constitution announced The 3 class franchise in Prussia abolished. The Kaiser’s powers over the army and appointments severely curtailed. The Chancellor and the Government made accountable to the Reichstag.

  3. Philipp Scheidemann proclaiming the new Republic on November 9, 1918

  4. Political Parties in Weimar Germany Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht • SozialdemokratischeParteiDeutschlands (German Social Democratic Party, SPD), cont • UnabhängigeSozialdemokratischeParteiDeutschlands (Independent German Social Democratic Party, USPD, merged 1922). • KommunistischeParteiDeutschlands (Communist Party of Germany, KPD, founded 1919). • Deutsche DemokratischePartei (German Democratic Party, DDP). • Zentrumspartei(Centre Party), cont. • Deutsche Volkspartei (German People’s Party, DVP). • DeutschnationaleVolkspartei (German National People’s Party, DNVP). • Various smaller parties including the BayerischeVolkspartei (Bavarian People’s Party, BVP) and the NationalsozialistischeParteiDeutschlands (NSDAP).

  5. Fighting Spartacists

  6. Freikorps Soldier

  7. New political parties • SozialdemokratischeParteiDeutschlands (German Social Democratic Party, SPD) – cont. • UnabhängigeSozialdemokratischeParteiDeutschlands (Independent German Social Democratic Party, USPD). • KommunistischeParteiDeutschlands (Communist Party of Germany, KPD). • Deutsche DemokratischePartei (German Democratic Party, DDP). • Zentrumspartei(Center Party) – cont. • Deutsche Volkspartei (German People’s Party, DVP). • DeutschnationaleVolkspartei (German National People’s Party, DNVP). • Various smaller parties including the BayerischeVolkspartei (Bavarian People’s Party, BVP) and the NationalsozialistischeParteiDeutschlands (NSDAP).

  8. The Treaty of Versailles

  9. Stab in the back myth

  10. Stab in the back, cont.

  11. Walter Rathenau (1867-1922)

  12. French occupation of the Rhineland

  13. Hyperinflation: exchange rates Mark to US $

  14. Children playing with currency

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