Energy and Metabolism

1. Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6

2. Energy • The capacity to do work • Potential vs Kinetic

3. How is it measured? • Heat • Calorie • Joule = 0.239 Calories • Most energy is provided by the sun

4. Oxidation-reduction reactions • AKA redox • OilRig

5. Thermodynamics • Energy changes • First Law of Thermodynamics • Second Law of Thermodynamics • How does this apply to humans?

6. Free Energy • The energy Available to do work • Delta G= Delta H- TDelta S • H= enthalpy which is the energy contained in the chemical bonds of a substance • T= temperature kelvin • S= entropy or the energy unavailable due to disorder

7. Endergonic vs Exergonic • If Positive Delta G then the reaction is endergonic • If Negative Delta G then the reaction is evergonic

8. Activation Energy • Spontaneous Chemical Reactions Require activation energy • Catalysts

9. You down with ATP???? • The energy currency of cells • Hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions • ATP cycles continously

10. Enzymes • Biological Catalysts • Ligand vs Substrate • Active Sites • Are they all proteins?

11. MultiEnzyme Complex • Sounds familiar…. • 3 advantages • Increases the frequency with which the enzyme collides with the substrate • Eliminates the possibility of unwanted reactions • All reactions take place within the complex can be controlled as a unit

13. Factors Affecting Enzyme Function • Temperature • pH • Inhibitors and Activators • Allosteric Site • Cofactors

14. Inhibitors and Activators

15. Cofactors and Conenzymes • Assists enzyme function • Cofactors are usually metal ions • Coenzyme- a nonprotein organic molecule- can serve as an electron acceptor in a redox reaction

16. Metabolism • Anabolic- use energy • Catabolic- need energy • Biochemical Pathways • Evolution of BP’s

17. Feedback Inhibition • Regulates Biochemical Pathways • Why Important?