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Clean Indoor Air and Economics

Clean Indoor Air and Economics. Hana Ross, PhD. University of Illinois at Chicago http://www.tobaccoevidence.net. ETS Exposure Causes:. Low Birth Weight Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Respiratory Infections in Children Asthma: Induction and Exacerbation Eye and Nasal Irritation

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Clean Indoor Air and Economics

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  1. Clean Indoor Air and Economics Hana Ross, PhD. University of Illinois at Chicago http://www.tobaccoevidence.net

  2. ETS Exposure Causes: • Low Birth Weight • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) • Respiratory Infections in Children • Asthma: Induction and Exacerbation • Eye and Nasal Irritation • Ear Infections in Children • Cancer: Lung and Nasal Sinus • Heart Disease Morbidity & Mortality Source: Health Effects of Exposure to ETS, California EPA, September 1997

  3. Economic Interventions Price Based Interventions Non-Price Interventions The Full Price MonetaryCost ofConsumption of Smoking=Cost+Obtaining +Cost Market Price of Cigarettes (taxes) • Restrictions on access/purchasing • Bans on advertising and/or sponsorship • Restrictions on Use • Health Information

  4. Type of Smoking Restrictions and Their Effects (1) • Restrictions on smoking in public places (relatively strong and enforced) • Reduce smoking prevalence (both youth and adults) • Reduce smoking intensity • Higher probability of successful quitting • Restrictions on smoking at schools (for students and staff) • Reduce smoking initiation if relatively strong and enforced • Reduce daily cigarette consumption Source: Chaloupka et al., 2000

  5. Type of Smoking Restrictions and Their Effects (2) • Restrictions on smoking at work • Positive effect on cessation (both attempts and success) • Reduce smoking prevalence for adults up to 6%, for youth up to 4% (USA evidence) • Restriction at home • Reduce smoking initiation if relatively strong and enforced • Positive effect on cessation (both attempts and success) Source: Chaloupka et al., 2000

  6. Potential impact of a price increase of 10% and a package of non-price measures Source: Ranson et al., 2000

  7. How cost-effective are tobacco control measures?US dollars per healthy year life gained Note: 3% discount rate, costs for non-price measures and all benefits projected over 30 years Source: Ranson et al., 2000

  8. Distribution of control policies scores by income group Source: Chaloupka et al., 2001

  9. Economic Arguments by the Industry • Reduction of revenue and employment in hospitality business But, the evidence shows that: • smoke-free restaurants will increase both profit and number of visits (Hong Kong) • studies that show negative impact are mostly industry sponsored studies Source: Chaloupka et al., 2000

  10. Conclusion Clean Indoor Air Laws: • can reduce cigarette consumption • work best as a part of comprehensive tobacco control program • enforcement is important, but can be also self-enforcing • work best with social consensus against smoking Source: Chaloupka et al., 2000

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