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BISC

Fuzzy Set: 1965 … Fuzzy Logic: 1973 … Soft Decision: 1981 … BISC: 1990 … Human-Machine Perception: 2000 - …. Recent Breakthroughs and Future Anticipation Reality or SciFi; Year is 2020 Trends and Future Challenges for Soft Computing Masoud Nikravesh* BISC Program, EECS-UCB &

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BISC

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  1. Fuzzy Set: 1965 … Fuzzy Logic: 1973 … Soft Decision: 1981 … BISC: 1990 … Human-Machine Perception: 2000 - … Recent Breakthroughs and Future Anticipation Reality or SciFi; Year is 2020 Trends and Future Challenges for Soft Computing Masoud Nikravesh* BISC Program, EECS-UCB & Imaging and Informatics – Life Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) http://www-bisc.cs.berkeley.edu/ Email: Nikravesh@cs.berkeley.edu Tel: (510) 643-4522; Fax: (510) 642-5775 BISC Seminar – September 2006 *Member of Executive Committee; UC Discovery (Appointed by Provost and Senior Vice President)* *Member of Research Council: UC Discovery (Appointed by Provost and Senior Vice President) *LBNL-NERSC Representative in UC Discovery Program (Appointed by NERSC Director) Acknowledgements: James S. Albus Senior NIST Fellow Intelligent Systems Division Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Prof. Zadeh: UCB BISC

  2. The year is 2035 • In science fiction, the Three Laws of Robotics are a set of three rules written by Isaac Asimov, which most robots appearing in his fiction must obey. Introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround", the Laws state the following: • A robot may not harm a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. • A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. • A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Minority Report is a science fictionshort story by Philip K. Dick first published in 1956. A movie, Minority Report (2002), starring Tom Cruise and directed by Steven Spielberg Sonny Wikipedia -- Encyclopedia

  3. Star Wars is an influential science fantasysaga and fictional universe created by writer/producer/directorGeorge Lucas during the 1970s. Wikipedia -- Encyclopedia

  4. It seems 400 years prior, the rest of the planets population succumbed to a vague industrial disease (shades of Todd Haynes’ Safe) that was later cured by a distant ancestor of the current Chairman. Despite seemingly unlimited Biotechnology, fear of disease prevents citizens from venturing out into the wild greenery beyond Bregna’s walls. The cities population is having strange dreams and people are disappearing. Æon Flux was created by Korean American animator Peter Chung. Wikipedia -- Encyclopedia

  5. The first and most obvious theme is whether individuals are dominated by fate or whether they have free will. Steven Spielberg

  6. Mind-Manipulation Invention Wikipedia -- Encyclopedia

  7. Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 science fiction film written by Harry Kleiner. 20th Century Fox wanted a book that would be a tie-in with the movie, and hired Isaac Asimov to write a novelization based on the screenplay.

  8. Machine Intelligence – Human IntelligenceYear is 2020 • Computing Power == > Quadrillion/sec/$100 • 5-15 Quadrillion/sec (IBM’s Fastest computer = 100 Trillion) • Quantum Computing • High Resolution Imaging (Brian and Neuroscience) • Human Brain, Reverse Engineering • Dynamic Neuron Level Imaging/Scanning and Visualization • Searching, Logical Analysis Reasoning • Searching for Next Google • Technology goes Nano and Molecular Level • Nanotechnology • Nano Wireless Devices and OS • Tiny- blood-cell-size robots • Virtual Reality through controlling Brain Cell Signals • Scientific Computing • Human Mind • Who should work and who should get paid?

  9. Brain and Neuroscience

  10. A Glimpse Into The Future Fuzzy Logic and The Internet (FLINT)

  11. Fuzzy Logic Future Trends

  12. SPECTRUM OF IMPACT/APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY LOGIC mathematics physics chemistry geology • In mathematics, the impact is focused on graduation of set membership. No granulation is considered. now future now future now future now future L.A. Zadeh; BISCSE05- FLINT2005 Event

  13. CONTINUED economics medicine control linguistics/NLP now future now future now future now future L.A. Zadeh; BISCSE05- FLINT2005 Event

  14. Fuzzy Logic and Internet Future Trends

  15. EXPECTATION Fuzzy Logic and the Internet (FLINT) Internet/Search/QA • In coming years, the most important application area of fuzzy logic will be the Internet and, in particular, search and question-answering. Reason: • Much of human knowledge, and especially world knowledge, is described in natural language • In my view, the most important contribution of fuzzy logic is its capability to serve as a basis for computation with information described in natural language. No other system offers this capability. now future L.A. Zadeh; BISCSE05- FLINT2005 Event

  16. OBSERVATIONS • “Intelligent search with high WebMIQ; potential for billions of queries for an industry worth hundreds of billion of dollars” • “Overall forecast for document and content management estimates the market growing from $4 billion in 2004 to $15 billion in 2008. • “Internet advertising is expected to attract $10 Billion this year, %17 up from 2005. • “US Advertisers will spend $300 Billion this year, %7.5 up from 2005” • “Every viewer could potentially receive different advertisement based on its profile, search, and web-shows the viewer has been watched”

  17. From Search Engine to Question and Answering System Q&A

  18. EXPECTATION - ANTICIPATION • Anticipation 1- FLINT: is to design an intelligent search engine with high WebMIQ with higher level deductive capability by 2010. • Anticipation 2 – FLINT: is to design an intelligent Q&A search engine with high Q&AMIQ with deductive capability by 2012. • Anticipation 3- FLINT: To add high level deductive capability to the existing search engine by 2010 • Anticipation 4- FLINT: To add Q&A capability to the existing search engine by 2012

  19. NEW ADVANCEMENT NEEDED • Add higher level deduction capability • Precisiation of meaning • A logic for approximate reasoning • Information summarization • Add content to the existing information • Semantic Web and distributed data-based development • Ontology development • Moblization of the knowledge • Web and Text Mining • Machine-human interaction for better search and add human intelligence • Development of web-question and answering (WQ&A) • Search in Multi-Media • Advances in analysis of graphs and networks • Better targeted information delivery and services

  20. Fuzzy Logic AND (Internet OR Web) on TitleIEEE Explore To Present • 2006-… • 2005 • 2004 • 2003 • 2002 • 2001 • 2000 • 1999 2001 – Present FLINT + Fuzzy: 67 FLINT +Internet: 71 FLINT + Web: 75 Fuzzy+ Logic+ Internet 100 Web • 3 • 11 • 19 • 29 • 38 • 45 • 55 • 57 Internet • 0 • 2 • 3 • 5 • 10 • 14 • 14 • 14 "fuzzy logic and the internet “ Fuzzy+Logic+Internet+FLINT Google: 795/100 =895 46,800 Ask: 488/ 59 = 547 1,980 Prepared by: Nikolas and Masoud Nikravesh, 2006

  21. FLINT Expectation: Fuzzy Logic and The Internet FLINT lunches a new Initiative: Computational Intelligence for Information and Internet Search in the Interest of the Society (COINS) Prepared by: Masoud Nikravesh, 2006

  22. The Future of Search and Targeted Advertising: From Keyword and Conceptual-based Search to Q&A

  23. Google is just the beginning. Internet advertising is expected to attract $8 Billion this year, %15 up from 2004. US Advertisers will spend $275 Billion this year, %5.7 up from 2004

  24. TV and the Internet The Next Big Thing Real Interactive TV Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) Every viewer could potentially receive different advertisement based on its profile, search, and shows the viewer has been watched Family will not skip the ads, because it is targeted advertising

  25. Brain and Neuroscience

  26. NeuFCSearch

  27. NeuFCSearch; Add Content, Deduction and Meaning Precisiation Machine Comprehension Add Content Smmarization Deduction Meaning Precisiation

  28. Brain and Neuroscience

  29. Field Theory, Fuzzy Logic and Quntum Computing Nobody understands quantum mechanicsAbsurd but taken seriously (not just quantum mechanics but also quantum computation) • Under active investigation by many of the top physics labs around the world (including CalTech, MIT, AT&T, Stanford, Los Alamos, UCLA, Oxford, l’Université de Montréal, University of Innsbruck, IBM Research . . .) • In the mass media (including The New York Times, The Economist, American Scientist, Scientific American, . . .) • Here.

  30. The power of quantum computation In quantum systems possibilities count, even if they never happen! Each of exponentially many possibilities can be used to perform a part of a computation at the same time. “No, you’re not going to be able to understand it. . . . You see, my physics students don’t understand it either. That is because I don’t understand it. Nobody does. ... The theory of quantum electrodynamics describes Nature as absurd from the point of view of common sense. And it agrees fully with an experiment. So I hope that you can accept Nature as She is -- absurd. Richard Feynman

  31. Quantum Computation? What is quantum computation? Computation with coherent atomic-scale dynamics. The behavior of a quantum computer is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Why do we need quantum computation? • Moore’s Law: We hit the quantum level 2010~2020. • Quantum computation is more powerful than classical computation. • More can be computed in less time—the complexity classes are different!

  32. 1 meter 10 mm 1 mm 10 nm 1nanometer 0.1 nm 1 picometer 1 femtometer Size of red blood cell = a millionth of a meter Size of polio virus = a billionth of a meter Size of the hydrogen atom = a trillionth of a meter = 10 -15 m, size of a proton Nano-systemHow small is a nanometer?

  33. History • 1970s and 1980s, introduction of quantum computers (Richard Feynmann, David Deutsch, and Paul Benioff) • 1994, Peter Shor’s factoring algorithm • 1996, Lov Grover, searching algorithm • 1998, 1999, 2001 Isaac L. Chuang, developed the world's first 2-qubit, 3-qubit, 5-qubit and 7-qubit quantum computer

  34. Frontiers R. Feynmann A. Turing First Ideas ... (1982)” Turing Machine …(1936)” D. Deutsch P. Shorr “… Quantum Circuits…(1985)” “…Factorization …(1997)”

  35. Quantum Logic Circuits

  36. How a single photon behaves in a beam splitter? Beam splitter 50% 1 Single photon 0 50% Optical sensor Marek A. Perkowski

  37. … strange behavior 0 1 0 1 Mach-Zehnder apparatus Marek A. Perkowski

  38. Quantum Gate: square root of NOT 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 NOT Marek A. Perkowski

  39. Decoherence

  40. FIELD THEORY AND COMPUTING WITH WORDSQuantum Computing and Fuzzy Logic Germano Resconi , Italy Masoud Nikravesh , Berkeley

  41. Field and Reference Space • We assume that computing with words is equivalent to computation by field. A field is a map between points in a space and values. For example, in a library ( reference space ), where the documents are located. At any given word, we define the field as a map of the position of the documents in the library and the number of the occurrences (values) of the word in the document. The word (Query ) is a conceptual source of the field (Answer) locate in a library.

  42. Words as Sources • Complex string of words are sources of elementary fields, generate a complex field in the library ( meaning of the words ) • The complex field in the library is the meaning of the symbolic strings of words • We break the traditional idea of the conceptual map for which meaning is in the map.

  43. Conceptual Map

  44. Fields and Superposition MAN DOG THE DOG / THE MAN

  45. BOOK 3 STORY DOG1 QG = G* D BOOK 1 MAN BOOK 2 Feature Space DOG,MAN Words and Story in object Space (Books ) and Feature Space ( Dog ,Man)

  46. Fields in the Formal Concept ComplexField Field 1 Field 2 Field m

  47. Fuzzy Sets Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4 Superpo

  48. Quantum Computer and Fields • Soft Computing by words is a change of the fields or computation of fields • Quantum computer use field of probability • Quantum computer Compute Boolean function with transformation of superposition of basic fields or waves • Project to join qauntum computer and fuzzy for soft computing as a new way for computation.

  49. Scientific Applications

  50. Center for Computational Machine Intelligence and Systems Science • Scientific instruments and numerical simulation models generate massive amounts of multi-spectral spatio-temporal image data • Difficult to visualize and summarize • With meaningful high level representation: data Multi-level representation For example, simulated sea surface temperature data at a typical ocean model resolution of 100km (horizontal grid size of 384x320) from a 100 year simulation run with 24 hour sampling interval reveals a matrix of 36,500-by-36,500. (through singular value decomposition), which is roughly 1.3 Tera points. Even at this resolution, standard principal component analysis (PCA) may require sampling in high performance computing environment. Predictive models Feature-based query Quantitative analysis Feature-based visualization Comparative analysis B. Parvin and Masoud Nikravesh; vision.lbl.gov

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