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U7: Western Expansion to Gilded Age 1865-1900

U7: Western Expansion to Gilded Age 1865-1900 . Part One: The “Old” West. SADDLE UP, SHOULDER BUDDIES…ERR, PARDNERS!. 1. SHOULDER BUDDIES!!. How would you describe the standard, stereotypical American view of the “ Old West ?”. POST-CIVIL WAR:

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U7: Western Expansion to Gilded Age 1865-1900

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  1. U7: Western Expansion to Gilded Age 1865-1900

  2. Part One: The “Old” West

  3. SADDLE UP, SHOULDER BUDDIES…ERR, PARDNERS!

  4. 1. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! How would you describe the standard, stereotypical American view of the “Old West?”

  5. POST-CIVIL WAR: • REINTRODUCTION OF SOUTHERN STATES INTO UNION CAUSES MASSIVE DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFT (PEOPLE MOVE) • BLACKS (“EXODUSTERS”) MOVE NORTH TO URBAN AREAS, WEST TO NEW LANDS • HOMESTEAD ACT, 1862: LAND AVAILABLE FOR LITTLE $, 5-YR. TERM • MORRILL ACT, 1862: GOVT. GIVES OUT FEDERAL LAND TO CREATE SYSTEM OF “LAND-GRANT COLLEGES” Nicodemus, Kansas, founded by Southern blacks (“Exodusters”) in 1860’s

  6. 2. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! Which of the two federal laws, passed in 1862, had a greater impact on the western United States and American society as a whole? In what way? MORRILL ACT, 1862 (Iowa State, the first land-grant college—go Cyclones!) HOMESTEAD ACT, 1862 (a settler’s sod house)

  7. LEADING THE WAY--RAILROADS • 1862: PROJECT BEGINS TO BUILD 1ST TRANS-CONTINENTAL RAILROAD • GOV’T. CONTRACT AWARDED TO UNION PACIFIC (BUILDING FROM NEBRASKA WEST) • CENTRAL PACIFIC(BUILDING FROM CALIFORNIA EAST) • WHO BUILT IT? • EX-SLAVES, WAR VETS, IMMIGRANTS (PRIMARILY IRISH, CHINESE)

  8. Who has the easier path?

  9. Looking for Adventure? Look no further! You can WORK ON THE RAILROAD!! (all the live long day) THRILL to the exciting “Double Bucket of Rocks” Race!! Want to get through a mountain? Try our new “Explosive Basket!” Bring your friends on the Backbreaking Railcart of Agony!! Make new friends! Enjoy bracing weather! Surrender all hope of finishing this project at any point in your lifetime! JOIN TODAY!! Do you love really flimsy-looking bridges?

  10. MAY 10, 1869, PROMONTORY POINT, UTAH • TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD FINISHED

  11. 3. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! What made the transcontinental railroad such an important achievement? List all the effects you can think of…

  12. RAILROADS CREATE OPPORTUNITIES!! • SUTTER’S MILL, • CALIF., JAN.1848 • “GOLD FEVER,” 1849-1870 • RUMORS FUEL MASSIVE RUSH WEST • CAUSES IMMEDIATE PROSPERITY FOR WEST COAST, GROWTH OF BOOM TOWNS NEAR GOLD STRIKES

  13. Mining Centers: 1900

  14. Panning for Gold…the Hard Way… “Cradling” for Gold…the OTHER hard way…

  15. CATTLE INDUSTRY, 1860-1880 • DEPOPULATION OF BUFFALO=OPEN PLAINS FOR GRAZING • GROWTH OF EASTERN CITIES = DEMAND FOR BEEF • CATTLE $3-5/HEAD IN TEXAS; $30-50 IN ST. LOUIS • TRAILS GROW FROM TEXAS TO COW TOWNS • CATTLE SHIPPED BY RAIL TO EASTERN CITIES • GROWTH OF CATTLE INDUSTRY LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF COWBOYS (BASED ON MEXICAN VAQUEROS) Pile of buffalo skulls, California 1870

  16. 4. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! Examine the map of frontier settlements below. Where was the greatest area of growth by 1870? What about between 1870 and 1880? Between 1880 and 1890? What factors drove population growth between those three periods? Frontier Settlements, 1870-1890

  17. Land Use: 1880s

  18. 5. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! To the right is a patent application from 1874. Joseph Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, developed a machine that could create twisted wire with sharp ends (“barbs”) that could easily be strung as fences. Many historians assert that Joseph Glidden “settled the West.” Describe the impact of barbed wire on the following groups: Farmers Cattle Ranchers Native Americans

  19. MYTHS OF THE OLD WEST • MYTH #1: “THE FRONTIER WAS WHITE.” • GREAT ETHNIC DIVERSITY ON FRONTIER • (1/2 OF POPULATION WAS BLACK OR HISPANIC) Nat Love: ex-slave, cowboy, Indian fighter “Buffalo Soldiers,” U.S. Army Mexican “vaqueros”

  20. The “Chinese Question” • Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) • Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years, created permanent alien status for Chinese already in U.S. (so no citizenship) “No More Dumping Allowed”

  21. 6. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! To the right is a chart detailing the populations of African-Americans and Chinese from 1880 to 1900. Examine this chart and answer the following: Where was the area of greatest growth for African-Americans? Where was the area of greatest growth for Chinese? Where was the area of greatest decrease for Chinese?

  22. MYTHS OF THE OLD WEST • MYTH #2: “THE FRONTIER WAS A VIOLENT, DANGEROUS PLACE.” • COMPARATIVELY LITTLE VIOLENCE/MURDER • LURID IMAGES POPULARIZED BY DIME NOVELS WILLIAM H. BONNEY (“BILLY THE KID”) THE WILD BUNCH, 1900 HARRY LONGBAUGH, A.K.A. “THE SUNDANCE KID” ROBERT PARKER, A.K.A. BUTCH CASSIDY JESSE AND FRANK JAMES

  23. 7. SHOULDER BUDDIES!! Read the excerpt from the dime novel The Jesse James Stories and the interpretation by Richard Slotkin. Then answer the following: • Based on the excerpt from the dime novel, what kind of person is Jesse James? • Jesse James is supposed to be a hero, but he is also a killer and an outlaw. Slotkin explains that in the dime novel, it was okay to be an outlaw. What is Slotkin’s argument? Why would readers in the late 19th century celebrate an outlaw? • Why does Slotkin suggest that working class men (from the cities) might have enjoyed reading dime novels?

  24. Coming in Part Two… Who ELSE was out here…?

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