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Visualizing Non-Verbal Behavior in Small Group Interactions. ‘how to make friends without speaking’. Overview. Address the modeling and sensing aspects of situationally appropriate systems Focus on small group interactions Meeting room behavior Small group public spaces
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Visualizing Non-Verbal Behavior in Small Group Interactions ‘how to make friends without speaking’ Darren Gergle
Overview • Address the modeling and sensing aspects of situationally appropriate systems • Focus on small group interactions • Meeting room behavior • Small group public spaces • Provide insight for automating sensing and modeling Darren Gergle
Project Goals • Develop and produce a high-level description of meeting group interactions • Produce data visualizations that may be used to inform modeling and sensing Darren Gergle
Project Proposal • Stage 1: literature review and development of coding / notational description system • Stage 2: collect data and create metadata descriptions using coding system • Stage 3: produce visualizations of data to further understand potential utility of captured sensor data Darren Gergle
Stage 1 • Literature review to uncover list of target behaviors • Develop notational coding system of chosen behaviors Darren Gergle
Types of data Non-verbal behavioral data Spatial orientation Spatial activity Auditory cues (see Foote, Boreczsky & Wilcox, 1999) Localization Duration Level Levels of granularity Event data Transitional events Indicator events (e.g., handshakes) Sequential event data Large scale temporal data What To Look For? Darren Gergle
Interacting groups form structural arrangements in space (event – group formation) Handshakes may signify beginning of meeting Example Events Darren Gergle
Example Sequential Event Sequential Events During group discussions, short glances of > 30 degrees occur. However, sustained glances of > 30 degrees usually lead to reorientation of entire body (Kendon, 1990) Darren Gergle
Group Spatial Arrangements Darren Gergle
Example Large Scale Temporal Patterns • Traffic Patterns • Gather data on traffic patterns • Rythmic Auditory Patterns • Examine patterns of vocal interaction over time (e.g., speaker1-speaker2-speaker3, vs. speaker1-speaker1-speaker1…) Darren Gergle
Individual Head Frw, L, R Body (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) Group Spatial Formations F-Form O-Form Auditory Actori speaking Global activity Rhythm (Erickson, 1991) Traffic Patterns Activity level Path frequency Sample Concepts for Coding Scheme Darren Gergle
Stage 2 • Collect data • Review videos and code data Darren Gergle
Collecting The Data • Outfitted meeting room • Localized ceiling mic’s • Wide angle camera on the ceiling • 2 to 3 wall-mounted or tripod digital video recorders • Alternatively, use pre-recorded meetings as source data Darren Gergle
Stage 3 • Develop visualization of these data • Allow users to explore visualizations and gather information regarding human perception of patterns • Use this user data to facilitate formation of models Darren Gergle
The Group Visualizer Darren Gergle
Questions? Darren Gergle