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Medical physics in the electromagnetic spectrum

Medical physics in the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio Waves : Mobile Phones. Radio Waves : Mobile Phones. Mobile phones use microwave energy. We know that microwaves can cook food – can a mobile phone cause heating?. Radio Waves : Mobile Phones. 0.2 C temperature rise.

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Medical physics in the electromagnetic spectrum

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  1. Medical physics in the electromagnetic spectrum

  2. Radio Waves:Mobile Phones

  3. Radio Waves:Mobile Phones Mobile phones use microwave energy. We know that microwaves can cook food – can a mobile phone cause heating?

  4. Radio Waves:Mobile Phones 0.2C temperature rise

  5. Infrared: Near Infrared Spectroscopy

  6. Heart rate:81 bpm Blood oxygenation: 99% Infrared: Pulse oximetry

  7. Infrared: Near Infrared Spectroscopy

  8. Infrared: Near Infrared Spectroscopy

  9. Infrared: Near Infrared Spectroscopy Flashing lights

  10. Infrared: Thermography

  11. Infrared: Thermography

  12. Infrared: Thermography

  13. Infrared: Thermography

  14. Visible: Endoscopy

  15. Visible: Endoscopy

  16. Visible: Endoscopy

  17. This is the endoscope coming out of the oesophagus The stomach wall has relapsed back into the oesophagus. This is a hernia. Visible: Endoscopy Parasitic Worm!

  18. Visible: Endoscopy with a camera pill On the right is an x-ray movie showing a pill which has been swallowed which contains a camera. It passes through the gut, taking a movie which is sent to a receiver outside the body, shown on the left.

  19. Visible: New approaches toEndoscopy Another new method is virtual endoscopy. Here, we take a high resolution CT scan of the body using x-rays and then, using a computer, identify the gut wall and show it as if it is viewed through an endoscope. This prevents the discomfort which patients may feel during endoscopy This movie shows a polyp in the wall of the gut.

  20. Visible: Scanning laser ophthalmoscope

  21. Visible: Scanning laser ophthalmoscope With thanks to Dr. A Manivannan

  22. Visible: Scanning laser ophthalmoscope With thanks to Dr. A Manivannan

  23. Visible: Photodynamic therapy

  24. Visible: Photodynamic therapy

  25. Blue: Treatment of jaundice

  26. Blue: Blue light treatment of jaundice in babies

  27. X-rays: X-radiography

  28. X-rays: x-radiography

  29. Second metatarsal bone X-rays: Computed tomography image (CT scan) (the bone that David Beckham and Wayne Rooney broke!)

  30. X-rays: Computed tomography image (CT scan)

  31. X-rays: Radiotherapy

  32. X-rays: Radiotherapy

  33. X-rays: Radiotherapy Cancer occurs when cells divide too quickly. The dividing cells become a tumour which can damage surrounding tissue or spread to the rest of the body

  34. X-rays: Radiotherapy • X-rays or other radiation can damage the DNA in cells and kill them • This is why radiation can be dangerous • But cells which are dividing rapidly are more likely to be killed • So we use x-rays to kill the rapidly-dividing cancer cells • We must still ensure that healthy tissue is undamaged

  35. X-rays: Radiotherapy A linear accelerator generates x-rays. It rotates around the body, irradiating the tumour from all directions

  36. X-rays: Radiotherapy X-ray CT scan of chest shows lungs, heart and tumour (red)

  37. X-rays: Radiotherapy A medical physicist decides which angles to shine x-rays from to destroy tumour and minimise damage to other tissue

  38. X-rays: Radiotherapy The treatment plan lists the directions the x-rays will come from and calculates the radiation dose to the tumour (in purple) and rest of body (grey)

  39. Summary: • Medical physicists use all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum to diagnose and treat illnesses • Different parts of the spectrum interact in different ways with the body because they have different energies Low energy High energy

  40. Medical physics in the electromagnetic spectrum

  41. Acknowledgements: • Thanks to Dr Gerard van Leeuwen, Dr Clare Elwell, Dr Kevin Howells, Dr Sandy Mosse, Dr Paul Campbell, Dr Topun Austin, Dr Alf Linney, GE Healthcare, Paul Burke and Jeff Jones, and Elekta for providing images. • This lesson was developed by Adam Gibson, Jeff Jones, David Sang, Angela Newing, Nicola Hannam and Emily Cook • We have attempted to obtain permission and acknowledge the contributor of every image. If we have inadvertently used images in error, please contact us.

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