Regional Change Over Time Maps

1. Regional Change Over Time Maps China

2. Shang Dynasty • Bronze Age Huang He-agriculutre • Bronze metallurgy 2000 BCE • Divination (interpret/communicate with gods) • Oracle bones (answer questions) • Horse-drawn chariot (used in war) • Shamans used tortoise shells and animal bones • Yellow river civilization • Politically 1st dynasty • Technology writing • Economically agriculture

3. Zhou Dynasty • Mandate of Heaven- justify over throw • Legalism: human nature is wicked, human society should be controlled • Confucianism: five relationships government serves the people, emphasize benevolence • Daoism: accept world as they see it, “path” of nature, Yin and Yang (male and female) • Lao Tzi: Daoism (Yin/Yang) • Classical thought Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

4. Qin Dynasty 221BCE-206BCE • Shi Huangdi (first emperor): totalitarian ruler who ruled by legalism • Standardization of weights, measures, coinage, law code, writing, and axle length carts • Terra cotta soldiers- militarism strong central government • Legalism- harsh laws

5. Han Dynasty 206BCE-220CE • S Scholar gentry : privileged, code of conduct, government more efficient; high social status passed civil service exam • P: Strong central government P: armies maintained social order • P: Administrative bureaucracy: kept records and collected taxes, built extensive roads; • built walls against invasions • P: Mandate of heaven used to justify rebellions & dynastic change • I: Silk Road interactions cultural diffusion of goods (silk) ideas (Buddhism) • Downfall because costly defending, cities depopulated, commerce disrupted, government less able to force taxes • C: Great Wall, ceramic art, Confucian values  social stability • E: Silk Road trade  strong economy, especially during Han golden age

6. Sui Dynasty 589-618 • Confucianism, Buddhism (strong, political influence) • Capital: Chang’ an • Grand canal (link Yellow and Yangzi river) • Downfall: intense military expansion, public works required organization • Reunify China

7. Tang Dynasty 618-907CE • Neo-confucianism(9th century) • 850 blame Buddhism for fall of Tang • Golden Age • Bureaucracy • Ceramic porcelain figures (silk road trade) • Infrastructure of roads, rivers and canals • Combine crossbow and armored infantry men with experience in horsemanship and use of iron stirrup • Bodhisattvas: enlightened beings • Buddhism early tang • Tributary system: individual countries acknowledge supremacy of emperor • Bubonic plague • Central Asia Islamic civilizations influenced material culture • Monopoly on silk: grow and spin cotton thread

8. Song Dynasty 960-1271 • China Didn’t have access to far-flung networks of communication • Advances in technology, medicine, tech., astronomy • Celestial clock (told time and day) • Junk: improved steering of large ships in uneasy seas • Gunpowder: used for fumigations, explosives • Zen Buddhism (salvation possible) • New printing techniques, movable type • Increase in social mobility • Foot binding women • Uyghur prevent silk road trade • Catapult • Ship building

9. Yuan Dynasty 1271-1368 • Control China, Central Asia, and Persia • Mongols • Founder: Kublai Khan • Population decline- warfare-attempting to flee because Mongols- bubonic plague • Bubonic plague leads to the fall of dynasty • Live in yurts • Mongols: Calvary archers had stirrups • Pax Mongolia=time of peace

10. Ming Dynasty • Forbidden city (seclude upper class) • Zhengette and Yongle emperor expanded trade • Established by Hongwu (opposed foreign trade) • 1368- established • Late Ming-decline in military strength because they had to repel invasions • Manchus-agriculturally based people • Multi-ethnic • Zheng He dies 1430 • China, Vietnam, Strait of Malacca, India, Arabia, Swahili coast

11. Qing Dynasty • Ruled by Manchu imperial family • Kangxi (1662-1722) and Qianiung (1736-1796) • Early emperors repaired infrastructure, lowered taxes, established economic incentives, encourage foreign trade • Gain new sources of coal, iron, gold and silver • Eliminate military danger of Mongolia

12. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat Sen) • Created Guomindang (nationalists) • Military strong • Frighten off trade and investment in railroads, industry, agricultural improvement • Neglect dikes and canals • China grew poorer, treaty ports prosper • Nationalism, livelihood, democracy

13. Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi) • Ruled in 1920s • In 1930s, Japan dominates much of China Republic weak • Mao’s communists emerge as an enemy • Chases Mao on the Long March • Corrupt gov’t. :His followers were opportunists, wanted to become an official and get rich, so taxed and plundered businesses • Tax collectors and landowners took peasants money • Money that reached government went to military • Killed and executed communists • LTI: Defeated by Mao 1950 • NationalistsTaiwan

14. Mao Zedong • One of communists that fled from Chiang Kai-shek • Joined communist party became leader, reliance on peasantry • Long march= 6000 miles long escaping nationalists • Cultural revolution • Communist revolution • Chiang Chase Mao in long march to stop spread of communism • Great leap forward(20mil dead) • Poor supporters because he promised necessities • Red guards kill critics

15. Deng Xiaoping • 4 modernizations • One child policy- millions dead • Dying rooms • Communes discontinued • Private businesses established • Allowed Chinese students to study in with nations • Successful economic reforms • Improved military and defense systems • Rejects pure communism • Economic growth • Tiananmen square(1989) because demanded democratic reforms 2000 killed