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Design Review for Arborloo Concrete Base: Innovative Sanitation Solutions for Developing Areas

This document summarizes the design review meeting held on October 29, 2013, focusing on the Arborloo—a portable latrine designed for easy relocation in resource-limited environments. It covers functional decomposition, updated customer requirements, and engineering analysis for improved concrete mixtures utilizing local materials like coconut shells and rubber. The aim is to produce an affordable, transportable sanitation solution to enhance hygiene in underserved communities, specifically targeting ease of use and reduced costs.

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Design Review for Arborloo Concrete Base: Innovative Sanitation Solutions for Developing Areas

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  1. Sub-Systems Design Review P14416 Concrete Arborloo Base October 29, 2013

  2. Team Intro

  3. Agenda • Background • Functional Decomposition/Architecture • Updated Customer Requirements • Subsystems • Geometry • Composition • Compression Test Results • Features • Cost/Trade-off Analysis • Engineering Requirements • Project Management Updates

  4. Arborloo • A latrine-like sanitation device designed to function over a small pit and to be moved to a new pit when filled • Utilize compost by planting tree in used pit • Purpose to provide affordable sanitation in poor, underdeveloped areas • Originally designed for use in Zimbabwe (Peter Morgan)

  5. Functional Decomposition

  6. Functional Architecture

  7. Meeting with FranciusEstimable (Johnny) Weight Price: ~25 USD = 1100 HTG Type of Cement is still unknown Prefers a DIY kit to educate locals Design should be simple

  8. Updated Customer Requirements 2) Simpler the better 2) Weight 1) Cost • 25 dollars • Make it available to all Haitians coming from different economic states • Easy to make • Simple mold • Limited materials/ ingredients • Make it transportable through all environments • Can be moved by 1-2 people comfortably

  9. Meeting with Manitou • Self consolidating Concrete • Self Leveling • Higher Slump • No Vibration • Chemical Needed (Water Reducer) • More Efficient Mix Ratio • More Aggregate • Less Cement • Specific Gravities • Finishing Tools • Use of Fibers

  10. Geometry • Shape • Thickness • Feasibility of Molds

  11. Theoretical Analysis Θ b: width into the board σcomp= σflex= Maximum allowable flexural and compressive strength for each mold design: Assume square slab To make up for the lack of stress concentrations due to the hole: Factor of Safety of 3

  12. Theoretical Graph

  13. Feasibility of Molds • Wood • Plastic sheets (release agent) • Reusable • Not as precise • Metal • Plastic • Plastic injection methods • Foam • Expensive (concrete canoe~$800) • Very accurate • Trying to figure out the release agent

  14. Composition • Aggregates • Bind properly • Provide strength • Reduce cost • Cement Replacements

  15. Mixtures • 6 different mixtures (each contained cement, course aggregates, fine aggregates, and water) • Cement (ternary mix) • Portland, slag, fly ash (improves strength, workability, and requires less water) • Aggregates (all mixtures contained sand) • Course • Coconut shells • Rubber • Limestone • Fine • Sand • Plastic Beads • Styrofoam

  16. Why? • Slag and fly ash improve strength of concrete when combined with Portland • Aggregates can be found in Haiti • Coconut shells • considered trash/ in abundance • Rubber • Need to figure out a way to grind up tires • Limestone/Sand • In abundance in Haiti • Plastic Beads/Styrofoam • Could grind up plastic water bottles

  17. Cylinder Testing Procedure • Slump test: General idea on mold capability as well as the proper amount of water • After 7 days/28 days of curing • ASTM C39: radius= 4” height= 8” Cylinder is loaded axially. Determines maximum compressive strength (psi)

  18. Test Mixtures (lbs.) *weight measured before curing

  19. Cylinder Plan 70% Strength at 7 days 28 day Accepted Standard Fibers add mild Compression Strength Limestone/Rubber/ Coconut/Shells/Sand/Stryofoam/Plastic

  20. Results from 7 Day Cylinders

  21. Mix performance

  22. Improvements Moving Forward • Add more aggregates • Used too much cement in first round of testing • Will reduce weight • Make more viscous (less water) • Styrofoam floated to the top of cylinders • Use Glenium • Use of finer aggregates • Sand is more dense than concrete • Higher strength with less voids

  23. Features • Modular upgrades for additional cost • Prepare basic design to allow for add-ins • Handles • Textures • Shelter connection points

  24. Transportability $5.98 All require holes and screws $2.80 $4.12 $0.48 • Handles • Wheels • Rope Attachments • Terrain is too rough for wheels • Anchor bolts require $ and drill • Mold holes in sides for handles/hooks • Can this be done? • Multi-functional attributes  simplicity

  25. Shelter Interface • Grooves? • Sheet metal connection • Small size? • Also reduces material and weight • Depends on ground hole • Holes? • Consistent with transportability features • Pole connection

  26. Odor/Pest Reduction • Cheap, simple cover • What can be reused? • Simple hinge? • Additional holes for toilet seat cover? • Recommendation for household materials to use • Five gallon bucket

  27. How to make it visually appealing and simple at the same time:

  28. Material Costs *Reflects Cost in Haiti

  29. Fly Ash/Slag? • Need to evaluate cost/strength trade-off • Fly ash and slag are not produced in Haiti • Shipping costs are unknown • Currently testing mixes with and without flyash and slag

  30. Cost Breakdown

  31. Summary of Results

  32. Engineering Requirements • Purchase Cost • Plastic expensive • Ranges from $12-$40 • Target <$25 • Load it can support • Compression Results • Only 70% strength • Ranges from 1500 psi to 4600 psi • Target >2500 psi • Ground Hole size  Over design • Weight • Average weight per/cylinder = 6.832 lbs. • Per/arborloo= 190.36 lbs.

  33. Project Schedule: Past/Current

  34. Project Schedule: Future

  35. Budget Tracker

  36. Updated Risk Assessment

  37. Moving Forward • Refining concrete mixtures • Aggregates for low cost compressive strength • Flexural testing • Mold for test block • Finalize reinforcements • Cost estimates • Availability in Haiti • Shipping costs • Finalizing features • Continue to assess feasibility • Divide team between mold and mixtures

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