Reducing Energy, Carbon and Costs

1. Reducing Energy, Carbon and Costs December 2012 Dan Watch, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP Vikram Sami, LEED AP

2. Planning Lab Retrofits for 2030 Carbon

3. Architecture 2030 By the year 2035, approximately three-quarters (75%) of the built environment will be either new or renovated. This transformation over the next 25 years represents a historic opportunity for the architecture and building community to avoid dangerous climate change.

4. Payback Long Payback Short Payback • Photovoltaics • Wind turbines • Solar Hot Water • Ground Coupled HVAC • Fuel Cells • CHP Cost Neutral • Airflow Sampling • Condensate collection • Ductless Hoods • Energy Recovery • Desiccant cooling (not for containment) • Lighting controls • Commissioning • Displacement ventilation (non-wet lab) Cost Savings • Sunshading & Daylighting • High performance skin • VAV • Energy Recovery • Water management • Low VOC finishes • Flexible Lab Design • Orientation • Chilled Beams • Thermostat Setpoints • Zoning • Benchmarking • Design Charrettes

5. Over 10 Projects • Over 15 Projects • Over 20 projects • Over 20 Projects • 20 Projects THE TEN STEP PLAN :: AN OVERVIEW Improve Work Habits Purchase Efficient Laboratory Equipment Understand Building Performance Re-Think the Science of Research Reduce Air Change Rates Energy Recovery Improve Building Envelope Upgrade Mechanical/Electrical Equipment Generate Energy On-Site Address Other Key Issues: Water Management Materials Health Active Design Finalize Zero Carbon Strategic Plan

6. Improving Work HabitsAdjust the Thermostat • Lower the thermostat 10-15 degrees for 8 hours or more at a time. • In many cases, each degree increase in the heating set point increases energy use by 3%. • Chinese Codes 64-76 degrees • www.energysavers.gov http://green.harvard.edu/labs/workspace WARMERin the SUMMER > 75 F 72 F < 68 F COOLER in the WINTER

7. Improving Work HabitsLab Use Habits COMPUTERS: • Enable Desktop Power Management (putting computers to “sleep” can save over 75% in energy costs) • Utilize a Print Management System (typically results in 20-30% reduction in printer usage)

8. Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits FUME HOODS: • SASH DOWN when not in use. • Disable or Remove unused Fume Hoods • Standard 6’ constant volume hood uses over 35,000 kWh/year in chiller and fan energy. • Combination Sashes • Air volumes reduced by up to 40% over traditional sashes. • Large energy savings. • Familiarity a hurdle sometimes.

9. Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits BIOSAFETY CABINETS: Exhausted $2100 Recirculating $240

10. Improving Work Habits Just in Time Inventories From this…. To this….. • Sort and Recycle: Take inventory to determine if everything is still necessary. • Label and Store: Label all supplies and store them in a consistent location. • Standardize: The bench size with mobile casework.

11. Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment

12. Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment LED Lighting

13. Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Freezer Specimen Storage LOW TEMP FREEZERS: • Inventory and Discard- Grad Students • Defrost and check seals frequently • Pack samples efficiently • Share freezers between labs • Larger units typically more efficient Elimination of one -80 freezer = $1,000+ savings in energy cost per year (does not account for additional heating load, maintenance and space used) Room Temperature Storage http://medfacilities.stanford.edu/sustainability/downloads/RoomTempStoragePilotResults.pdf

14. Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Efficient Mechanical Duct + Plumbing Pipe Design Traditional 90 degree pipe connections create unnecessary friction and increased energy consumption. Instead, use: • Bigger Pipes, Smaller Pumps • Gentle Bends, No 90% Bends • Shorter Pipes (design pipe layout first, then add equipment they connect) Use of these strategies have led to a 75% decrease in pumping energy with a 1-2 month payback period.

15. Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Plug Load Analysis • 20 (12%) Ton reduction in designed chiller size. • Reduction in number of chilled beams. • Right sizing reduces reheat. Auburn University – CASIC Lab Aggressive gathering of equipment data Equipment testing and user interviews

16. Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Energy Efficient Information from Labs 21/Wiki Autoclave Link http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Autoclaves Bio-Safety Cab Link http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Biosafety_Cabinets Centrifuges http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Centrifuges Cool Rooms http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Cool_Room Incubators http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Incubators

17. Understand Building Performance Commission Major Systems • $1/sf with a payback that can be less than 1 year. • “Tuned” systems can also improve occupant comfort. • Protect assets by ensuring proper function and optimal performance. • Can be performed on entire existing portfolio and new construction. • Energy savings can exceed 15-20%, particularly for energy intensive laboratories.

18. Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation • Cost $25 - $40 per data point • Additional $4,000 - $5,000 for web hosted dashboard (for entire building). • Wireless current transmitters can be easily outfitted onto existing circuits to submeter labs. • Metering helps with retro-commissioning and budgeting.

19. Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation • WIRELESS CONTROLS • Wireless telemetry allows for more individual controls. • Personal feedback allows for occupant behavioral transformation resulting in better operations. • Integrates well with smart grid technologies.

20. Reduce Air Change Rates:: Demand Control Texas Children’s Neurological Research Institute “The AirCuity systems work very well.  We chose AirCuity for the sensing accuracy and ease of operation.” ~ William ‘Skip’ Milton Assistant Director Facilities Operation Texas Children’s Hospital • Payback is approximately 1 year • 4 Air Changes in labs – 2 ACH at night • Metered data for 18 months • Savings of over $100k annually • 13,600 cfm reduction in airflow

21. Reduce Air Change RatesChilled Beams • Water carries much more energy than air • Smaller ductwork15 air changes reduced to 6 air changes • 50+% smaller air handlers • 50+% smaller exhaust fans • Smaller chillers • Chillers run more on free cooling • Smaller boilers • Over 15 projects successfully implemented Chilled Beam Old Technology Air-Water All Air Water Pipe 1.5m 1m Air Duct - 15 Air Changes +0.5m/Floor Air Duct – 6 Air Changes

22. Reduce Air Change RatesChilled Beams Case Study: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

23. Generate Energy On-site Solar Hot Water • Integrating solar hot water, supplemental to or instead of traditional heating, could significantly reduce the need to reheat. • We have used this on 6 projects – including one lab and two hospitals. • Pictured below – the evacuated tube collector at the Center for Interactive Research On Sustainability at UBC.

24. Generate Energy On-site Solar Photovoltaics (PVs) NY State Energy & Research Development Agency, TEC-SMART. Photovoltaic panel arrays + two wind turbines produce power, while a ground source heat pump provides heating. The net result is an approximately 40% reduction in energy consumption. We have used photovoltaic energy on over 15 projects to date

25. Generate Energy On-site Solar Photovoltaics (PVs) • http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/PV-Industry-Germany-and-China.pdf • http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/07/06/261550/solar-pv-system-cost-reductions/?mobile=nc • http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43240662/how-first-solars-tellurium-deal-shows-the-fragile-economics-of-solar-panels/ • http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/eligible/levels/

26. Generate Energy On-site Wind Turbines Wind turbines atop Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation’s Research Tower generate up to 10% of the building’s energy. We have used On-Site Wind on 5 projects to date.

27. Store Energy On-site Geothermal Heat Storage • Use earth as a heat source (winter) and heat sink (summer) • Central heating / cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground. • Boosts efficiency and reduces operational cost of heating and cooling • We have used this on over 15 projects to date. Great River Energy Headquarters uses a wind turbine and a geothermal heat pump. Living with Lakes Centre at Laurentian University

28. Store Energy On-site Geothermal Heat Storage Buck Institute’s Regenerative Medicine Research Building uses a ground source heat pump.

29. Recover Energy On-site Heat Recovery Wheel

30. Recover Energy On-site Enthalpy Wheels • An enthalpy wheel exchanges energy – temperature and moisture. • A sensible wheel, exchanges only temperature. • Enthalpy wheels are much more efficient. • Over 20 projects with Energy Recovery.

31. Recover Energy On-site Enthalpy Wheels The enthalpy wheel at Ohlone College’s Newark Center for Science and Technology is on display so that students can observe and learn from the technology.

32. Other Key Issues Water Management

33. Other Key Issues Water Management Laurentian University’s Vale Living with Lake Centre utilizes an on-site rainwater treatment system.

34. Other Key Issues Materials Health

35. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard • Understand existing building energy usage and cost over time. • Examine retrofit opportunities and weigh cost v/s payback opportunities. • Pick retrofits that make financial sense and do not jeopardize operations of the facility. • Weigh monetary and carbon goals. • Finalize retrofit plan.

36. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

37. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

38. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

39. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

40. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

41. NIH – Energy Usage

42. Building #40 • Vaccine Research • 141,398 ft2 • Chilled Water Dominated • Electricity only 8%

43. Building #40 • Cooling & heating year round • Over 200 kBTU/ft2 per in some months • 1,660 kBTU/ft2-yr • Recommend looking at heat gain as well as alternate equipment strategies. • Address reheat

44. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

45. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

46. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

47. Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

48. Getting to Zero

49. Getting to Zero

50. Contact Us: Dan Watch – Southeast Region 404.443.7694 Dan.Watch@perkinswill.com Ed Cordes – Central Region 713.366.4011 Ed.Cordes@perkinswill.com Kay Kornovich – West Coast Region 206.381.6037 Kay.Kornovich@perkinswill.com Bill Harris – Northeast Region 617.406.3521 William.Harris@perkinswill.com Vikram Sami – Sustainable Design Expert 404.443.7462 Vikram.Sami@perkinswill.com