1 / 32

Helmer Fjellvåg

Helmer Fjellvåg. Helmer Fjellvåg. Professor, University of Oslo . Helmer Fjellvåg. Overview of Norwegian Research on Materials Technology for Energy Applications. Academic institutions University of Oslo Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.

nyoko
Download Presentation

Helmer Fjellvåg

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Helmer Fjellvåg

  2. Helmer Fjellvåg Professor, University of Oslo

  3. Helmer Fjellvåg Overview of Norwegian Research on Materials Technology for Energy Applications

  4. Academic institutions University of Oslo Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim Applied research institutes SINTEF (in Oslo and Trondheim) Institute for energy technology (25 km N of Oslo) Major companies Norsk Hydro Statoil Elkem

  5. Export Population: 4.4 million Area: 324 000 km2 GDP: 150 billion US $ Polymers Chemical conversion Natural resources; energy; oil and gas Hydropower 113 TWh (1997) Clean energy Process industry

  6. Structural materials(constructions) Cars, aeroplanes, reactors, tubes, platforms,... Light metals Aluminium Magnesium Offshore constructions Steel Concrete

  7. Light materials in transportation sector Weight reduction  reduced fuel consumption reduced emissions Exchange of steel components in e.g. cars by aluminium components by polymer components

  8. Energy perspective Fossil fuels remain most important in near future (30-50 y) New energy sources not expected on global scale toprovide major contributions in a 30 y perspective Of fossil energy sources, natural gas is most environmental friendly 1600 1200 Exajoules 800 400 0 1860 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 Traditional bio Fossil Nuclear Hydro-electric Renewable Unknown

  9. Present energy technologyin Norway Energysources 100 years Fossil Renewable Hydropower Oil, gas Production/conversion Distribution net for stationary users Refinary Oil/gas industry Storage Hydrocarbons Transport Conversion 20-40 % efficiency CO2 NOx Use Motors Heat Electricity

  10. Renewable energy sources Sun Wind Hydro Energy technology of the future Environmental friendly; ”clean” energy sun wind waves Emissions Global climate Local climate Research at intersection between energy and environmental technology Materials technology of highest importance Materials for solar cells Oxides for energy applications

  11. New energy technology Energy sources Gasseparation Membranes Catalysis CO2-removal H2-technology Hydropower Sun, wind, wave Gas Solar cells Photolysis Electrolysis Development hydrogentechnology 2000 -------------------------------> 2100 Storage Gas/liquid fuel Sustainable Efficient Environmental and climate friendly Hydrogen Improved efficiency Reduced emissions CO2 and NOx Fuel cells SOFC PEM USE Electromotors Heat Electricity

  12. New materials - the clue to new solutions High Tc Oxygen membranes structure yield properties stability CMR; SOFC Ferroelectrics ABO3 oxides perovskites

  13. Statoil Norsk Hydro AS Natural gas as energy source Exchange of coal and oil by more environmental friendly natural gas Natural gas for use in fuel cells Natural gas as source for hydrogen (or hydrogen carriers)

  14. Catalysts for gas conversionThe UOP/Hydro Methanol To Olefins Process Gas To Olefins (GTO) Natural Gas Methanol Synthesis Olefins Synthesis Ethylene Propylene Synthesis Gas Production Syn.Gas to MeOH MTO Methanol By-products

  15. C2H4 Ethylene Catalyst DoC Methanol Propylene CH3OH C3H6 MTO Reactions Butenes The unique pore size allows selective conversion to olefins and excludes heavier compounds

  16. Catalysts for gas conversionThe Linde, Statoil, Borealis Propane DeHydrogenation process Propane C3H8 Propylene C3H6 + H2 Hydrotalcite + catalyst impregnation Pt, Sn Heat (Mg,Al)O support

  17. Clean energy by means of advanced materials Water + primary energy sources Hydrogen + oxygen --> water

  18. Hydrogen as energy carrier Material challenges Gas; reforming Synthesis gas Pyrolysis Electrolysis Photolysis Catalysts Alloys for reactors Production Metal hydrides Carbon Microporous materials Pressurized gas Liquid Solid absorbers Storage Fuel cells Combustion H2 + 1/2O2 H2O Use Fuel cells Membranes Catalysts Chemical energy  heat  electrical energy Hydrogen society

  19. Hydrogen storage materials High H-mass density High H-volume density Appropriate p,T stability Reversible absorption/desorption metal hydrides carbon based materials micorporous materials Metal hydride forming elements ”Rule of 2 Å” for H-H separation

  20. Oxides for energy technology Oxygen permeable membranes (ceramic membranes) dense materials; oxygen transport by atomic diffusion infinite O2 selectivity; operation at high temperatures Mixed conductors; electron and oxygen ion transport chemical stability; thermal and chemical expansion Purification of air for use in oxidation processes ultra clean syngas production (NOx reduction) GTL; lowering of greenhouse gas emissions; CH4, CO2 Related materials used in SOFC; of interest as high Tc, CMR, etc

  21. Materials for oxygen permeable membranes H2O + CH4 Air O2 O2- Membrane 2e- N2 xH2 + CO

  22. Conventional Syngas Ceramic Membrane Syngas GTL - Ceramic Membrane Process CO2 Net Process Yield CH4 Syngas Reactor FT Reactor Separation / Upgrading Air Nat Gas / Steam Liquid Products

  23. High TemperatureSolid State Proton Conductors • Applications • Fuel cells • Dehydrogenation pumps • Steam electrolyzers • Sensors (H2O, H2) Mixed Proton Electron Conductors as hydrogen separation membranes - Natural gas to syngas - Hydrogen extraction

  24. Carbon dioxide; absorption, separation and sequestration Oxygen; air Fossil source Carbon dioxide formation Chemical energy conversion Low-temperature absorption (post-capture of CO2) traditional scrubbers liquid amines (offshore) carbon fibers new materials CO2 removal before combustion high-temperature membranes high-temperature absorption In the North Sea: 150 gas turbines 50 platforms

  25. Si-based solar cells Efficiency Costs Feedstock - availabilty Purity requirements SoG-Si Si-production ELKEM Solar silicon Solar cell panels SolEnergy Wafers Scanwafer Solar cells ScanCell Research & education

  26. Production of SoG-Si solar grade silicon Prices in US$/kg Si 0.03 1 60 25 Metallurgical Grade Silicon Quartz EG-Si ) MG-Si (SiO2) Primary process Siemens process Silicon for electronics SoG-Si Feedstock limitations from EG scrap Carbon Current process Quartz (SiO2) Primary process New SoG-Si process SoG-Si Carbon MG-Si Direct route to Solar Grade Si

  27. MO-crystal Silver sheath BiSrCaCuO 1 cm Superconductor research NTNU Trondheim UiO Oslo Basicresearch Fundamental understanding Theory and experiments Visualization of electric currents Magnetooptical active oxide thin films

  28. First MO-Image of individual flux quanta Sample: NbSe2, T= 4.3 K Magnetic field: 0.5 G (earth field) University of Oslo, March 3, 2001

  29. Materialsfor new energy technology Microporous materials Mixed conductors Catalysts Solid ionic conductors Electrode- materialc Semiconductors for solar cells and photolysis Nano-electro- catalysts Metalhydrides Carbon Microporous materials Ion conducting polymers Energy sources Hydropower Sun, wind, waves Gas Hydrogen technology Storage Gas/liquid fuel Hydrogen Fuel cells SOFC PEM Higher efficiency Reduced Emissions of CO2 and NOx Sun + water (El + water; gas) Use Electromotors Heat Electricity “zero emission”

  30. Summary Materials for energy and environmental technology Main research focuses in Norway: renewable energy sources clean use of natural gas light constructions Solar cells Hydrogen storage Catalysts Membranes Al/Mg alloys Polymers/composites

More Related