1 / 20

Public health hazard of European Bat lyssavirus, the Netherlands

Public health hazard of European Bat lyssavirus, the Netherlands. Wim H. M. aan der Poel, Katsuhisa Takumi, Elisabeth R. A. M. Verstraten, Peter H. C. Lina, Joke van der Giessen and Johannes A Kramps. Rhabdovirus family lyssavirus genus genotypes. Envelope G-protein Matrix protein.

nusa
Download Presentation

Public health hazard of European Bat lyssavirus, the Netherlands

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Public health hazard of European Bat lyssavirus, the Netherlands Wim H. M. aan der Poel, Katsuhisa Takumi, Elisabeth R. A. M. Verstraten, Peter H. C. Lina, Joke van der Giessen and Johannes A Kramps

  2. Rhabdovirus familylyssavirus genusgenotypes Envelope G-protein Matrix protein 1. Rabies 2. Lagos-bat 3. Mokola 4. Duvenhage 5. European Bat Lyssvirus type 1 (EBL1) 6. European Bat Lyssavirus type 2 (EBL2) 7. Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABL) Core: N, NS, L proteins

  3. Lyssavirus reservoirs and geographical distribution

  4. Incidents of confirmed fatal EBLV1 infections in humans 1977 old girl bitten in finger Ukraine 15-year (Rabies Bulletin Europe 1987; 4:12) 1985 11-year old girl bitten in lower lip Belgorod, Russia (Rupprecht et al., 1994)

  5. Incidents of confirmed fatal EBLV2 infections in humans 1985 30-year old male, bat-researcher Helsinki, Finland (Lumio et al., 1986) 2002 56-year old male bat worker Angus, Schotland (Fooks et al., 2002)

  6. Eptesicus serotinus (Serotine bat)

  7. Geographical distribution of Eptesicus serotinus in Europe

  8. Numbers of lyssavirus tested serotine bats in the Netherlands (1984 - 2003)

  9. Geographical Distribution of the Serotine bat, Netherlands (1986 – 1993) Bat detector (green),, Actual sighting (black)

  10. Geographical Distribution of the Serotine bat, Netherlands (1986 – 1993) Bat detector (green),, Actual sighting (black)

  11. EBLV in serotine bats per month2000-2005

  12. EBLV1a in bat’s body parts(RT-PCR detection)

  13. Incidents and contact types with serotine bats 2000-2005

  14. Human – bat contact incidents Ο = EBLV-neg Δ = EBLV-pos People sometimes pick up rabid bats!

  15. Cat- bat contact incidents Ο = EBLV-neg Δ = EBLV-pos Cats seem avoid contact with rabid bats!

  16. Risk of human rabies upon a bat bite • f(i) = likelyhood of number of virus particles excreted (hardly any eperimental data) • r = probability of infection after a bat bite • High estimate p=1-f(0) (all contacts give infection) • Low estimate p=r[1-f(0)] • Based on mouse inoculation experiments and a single hit model (maximum likelyhood) r=1.6*10-3

  17. Risk of human rabies after bat biteHigh estimate • 2000-2005: 17 bat bites reported • 5/17 involved bats EBLV-positive (titers unknown) • Exposure: 2.8 bites per year per 16.3 miljon people • Infectious dose unknown • Likelyhood of no virus excretion f(0) =12/17=0.7 -> likelyhood of virus excretion f(1) =1-f(0)=0.3 • High estimate: all 5 bats infectious : => 2.8*0.3 = 0.8 cases per year • Based on poisson distribution one could expect 1 case every 2 years (in case of no post-exposure treatment!)

  18. Risk of human rabies after bat biteLow estimate • Likelyhood of virus excretion f(1) =1-f(0)=0.3 • Probability of infection based on mouse inoculation experiments and single hit model (maximum likelyhood) r=1.6*10-3 • Low estimate: 0.3*1.6*10-3= 5*10-4 • => one case per 700 years

  19. Conclusions • EBLVs can cause fatal infections in humans • EBLV is endemic in the serotine bat in the Netherlands (~20%) • Bats can excrete EBLV in saliva but amounts are unknown • Public health risk of EBLVs in bats cannot be ignored but is hard to assess: one case every 2 to 700 years • Active and passive surveillance of EBLVs in bats is indicated for public health protection

  20. Acknowledgements Froukje Lodder-Verschoor RIVM Joke van der Giessen RIVM Reina van der Heide RIVM Katsuhisa Takumi RIVM Betty RAM Verstraten CIDC Hans Kramps CIDC Toon Pover CIDC Peter HC Lina Naturalis Wim HM van der Poel Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University Research

More Related