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Tecumseh

Tecumseh. Chief of Shawnee US bought 3 million acres of land Believed land sales to US were wrong United various tribes to fight US. Tecumseh. Traveled around S&W trying to get support from tribes Tried to get natives to turn from white man’s lifestyle. Tecumseh.

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Tecumseh

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  1. Tecumseh • Chief of Shawnee • US bought 3 million acres of land • Believed land sales to US were wrong • United various tribes to fight US

  2. Tecumseh • Traveled around S&W trying to get support from tribes • Tried to get natives to turn from white man’s lifestyle

  3. Tecumseh • Didn’t get much support from tribes • Many tribes had already sold land • They were living on white man’s money

  4. Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 • Tecumseh was traveling around trying to get support • Left brother “The Prophet” in charge – sneak attacked US

  5. Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 • Americans retaliated • Destroyed Shawnee settlement on Tippecanoe River

  6. Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 • Hero of battle was William Henry Harrison • Later elected POTUS in 1840

  7. Aftermath of Tippecanoe • US found out British Canada had given weapons to Shawnee • War hawks – Congressmen from S&W who called for war against Britain

  8. The Embargo of 1807 “Never did a prisoner, released from his chains, feel such relief as I shall on shaking off the shackles of power.”—TJ • Embargo was ineffective • Congress repealed in 1809 • TJ decided not to run for a 3rd • 1808, Madison elected & DRs maintained control of Congress Embargo gained no political concessions from Fr or GB Produced economic hardship, smuggling, & dissent in US Congress repealed embargo 3 days after Jefferson left

  9. The Road to the War of 1812 • Madison focused on foreign policy: • 1809: Non-Intercourse Act • US resume trade w/GB & Fr if neutrality is respected • 1810: Replaced this w/Macon’s Bill #2 • Exclusive trade to whichever nation 1st honored US neutrality Madison eagerly reopened trade with GB …but GB continued to seize US ships Fr agreed to end trade restrictions (never stopped seizing ships or impressing sailors)

  10. Which region would have supported a declaration of war the most? Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” NE Feds thought war with GB a mistake: feared US would lose & war would bankrupt country Madison eventually asked Congress for declaration of war June 1812 West & South wanted war to gain Canada & FL Most calls for war centered on GB interference with trade rights. “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry 1810, Congress War Hawks led by Henry Clay (KY) & John Calhoun (SC) – demanded war

  11. The War of 1812

  12. War of 1812 • Despite increased patriotism, US unprepared: • Congress refused to raise taxes • Army small & militias inadequate • Gov incapable of full-scale war • US goals: • Attack British Canada • Force GB to respect rights US fared poorly against better trained GB troops Navy more successful only b/c most of GB navy fighting Napoleon

  13. War of 1812 – beginning • US unprepared • Canadians invaded immediately • US navy had frigates • Smaller, quicker ships • Most famous – USS Constitution

  14. “Old Ironsides” • USS Constitution • Sank 2 / captured 2 frigates in 1 battle • Cannonballs bounced off its hull (supposedly)

  15. British attack DC • Americans burned York • Capital of Upper Canada • British retaliated – invaded DC • Burned Capitol & WH

  16. Evacuation • Pres. & Mrs. Madison escaped from White House • 1st lady Dolley Madison saved important things from house

  17. Evacuation • Dolley saved: • Famous portrait of GW • Dec of Independence • Constitution

  18. It’s still there

  19. Battle of Baltimore • Ft McHenry bombarded all night by GB ships • Still standing at sunrise • Raised massive flag in triumph

  20. Battle of Baltimore • Francis Scott Key on nearby ship • Watched all night • Wrote a poem

  21. Battle of Baltimore

  22. General Andrew Jackson • Gen Jackson fought battles against Creeks • Won decisively • Ended native threat in south

  23. Battle of New Orleans • After war was over • News moved slowly • Outnumbered, routed GB in NO • National hero, later POTUS

  24. US army under AJackson defeated GB at New Orleans (after peace treaty) 1814: GB took offensive in a 3-pronged attack The War of 1812 GB attacked undefended Chesapeake, burned DC / sieged Baltimore GB turned back at Plattsburg on Lake Champlain & gave up Canadian offensive

  25. Hartford Convention In order to reduce southern control of Congress • Feds opposed war – didn’t pay taxes or send troops • 1814: Feds met – Hartford Conv • Discussed altering Constitution to: • restrict Congress’ war powers • one-term president • abolish the 3/5 clause • Discussed seceding if they did not get their way In order to break the Virginia presidential dynasty The War of 1812 is still going on!!

  26. Treaty of Ghent • Ended war, didn’t address neutrality • Effects of the War of 1812: • Ended Indian-GB alliances in W • Scared Spain into signing Adams-Onis Treaty -1819 • The lack of Federalist loyalty was the fatal blow to the party Spain ceded Florida to the USA

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