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Lead Black Slide

Lead Black Slide. Chapter 3. Information System Fundamentals. Our Agenda. Hardware for Information Systems Software for Information Systems Stored Data for Information Systems Personnel for Information Systems Procedures for Information Systems Ethical Issues for Information Systems.

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Lead Black Slide

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  1. Lead Black Slide Powered by DeSiaMore

  2. Chapter 3 Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  3. Our Agenda • Hardware for Information Systems • Software for Information Systems • Stored Data for Information Systems • Personnel for Information Systems • Procedures for Information Systems • Ethical Issues for Information Systems Powered by DeSiaMore

  4. Learning Objectives • Explain why businesses need computer and communications hardware in information systems. • Distinguish between the three main types of computer systems. • Explain the difference between application software and system software, and give an example of each. Powered by DeSiaMore

  5. Learning Objectives (cont’d.) • Explain why businesses need software in information systems. • Describe the way stored business data is commonly organized in information systems. • Explain why businesses need stored data in information systems. Powered by DeSiaMore

  6. Learning Objectives (cont’d.) • Identify the types of personnel in information systems and explain why businesses need personnel in information systems. • Identify the types of procedures used in information systems and explain why businesses need procedures in information systems. Powered by DeSiaMore

  7. Learning Objectives (cont’d.) • Describe different approaches to ethical decision making. • Explain several ethical issues for information systems. Powered by DeSiaMore

  8. Hardware for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  9. Computer and Communications Hardware • Computer hardware • Input devices • Output devices • Primary storage • Secondary storage • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Communications hardware • Network devices Powered by DeSiaMore

  10. The Need for Computer Hardware • Important elements of computer hardware • Speed • Accuracy • Capacity Powered by DeSiaMore

  11. The Need for Communications Hardware • Important elements of communications hardware • Remote access • Information sharing • Resource sharing (printers, file servers) • Interorganizational communication Powered by DeSiaMore

  12. Types of Computer Systems • Personal Computers • Desktop • Laptop • Handheld • Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) • Workstations Powered by DeSiaMore

  13. Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) • Multiple-user computer systems • Minicomputer • Typically between $5,000 and $200,000 • Mainframe computer • Typically between $100,000 and $10,000,000 • Both are multi-user environments Powered by DeSiaMore

  14. Types of Computer Systems (cont’d.) • Networked computer systems • Many computers connected to a network which is used by many people at one time. • Servers – provide services to other computers on the network. • Clients – a user’s workstation connected to the network. • Client-server computing – servers and clients used cooperatively. Powered by DeSiaMore

  15. Software for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  16. Types of Software • Application software – designed for specific computer applications for a business or organization. • System software – designed to make computers usable. Also known as an operating system. • Communications software – designed to permit computers to “talk” to each other. Powered by DeSiaMore

  17. Sources of Software • Two main sources of software • Packaged software – available commercially for personal, multiple-user and networked systems. • Custom software – created to address very specific requirements of the users. Powered by DeSiaMore

  18. Stored Data for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  19. Data Organization • Elements of data storage • Characters – letters, numerals, special symbols, a blank space. • Fields – a group of related characters. • Records – a group of fields about a single entity. • Data file, or file – a group of records about a single purpose. • Database – a group of related files. Powered by DeSiaMore

  20. Data Organization (cont’d.) • While data can be organized in a database, there are other types of data. • Multimedia • Audio • Video • Images Powered by DeSiaMore

  21. Need for Stored Data • Three main reasons businesses need stored data • Data is available • Data is modifiable • Data is controllable Powered by DeSiaMore

  22. Personnel for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  23. Users and Operating Personnel • Users • Supply data input • Receive output • Operating personnel • Perform technical functions such as • Manage networks • Run software • Pass output to users Powered by DeSiaMore

  24. Procedures for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  25. Types of Procedures • Two main types • First tells people how to use and operate the system under normal circumstances. • Second tells people what to do if the system does not function normally. • Documentation is written instructions on the use and operation of the system. Powered by DeSiaMore

  26. Ethical Issues for Information Systems Information System Fundamentals Powered by DeSiaMore

  27. Ethical Decision Making • The Golden Rule • Utilitarianism • Categorical Imperative • Ethical Egoism • Code of Ethics Powered by DeSiaMore

  28. Ethical Issues • Privacy • Accuracy • Property • Access Powered by DeSiaMore

  29. Ten Commandments • Do not use a computer to harm other people. • Do not interfere with other people’s computer work. • Do not look in other people’s computer files. • Do not use a computer to steal. • Do not use a computer to bear false witness. • Do not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid. Powered by DeSiaMore

  30. Ten Commandments (cont’d.) • Do not use other people’s computer resources.without authorization or proper compensation. • Do not appropriate other people’s intellectual property. • Think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing. • Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow man. Powered by DeSiaMore

  31. Information Systems Fundamentals Key Terms Powered by DeSiaMore

  32. Application Software Bug Character Client Client-Server Computing Code of Ethics Communication Hardware Communication Software Custom Software Database Data File Desktop Computer Documentation Field File Key Terms Powered by DeSiaMore

  33. Handheld (Palmtop) Computer Mainframe Computer Matching Microcomputer Minicomputer Multimedia Notebook (Laptop) Computer Operating System Packaged Software Personal Computer (PC) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Platform Record Server Supercomputer Key Terms (cont’d.) Powered by DeSiaMore

  34. System Software Workstation Key Terms (cont’d.) Powered by DeSiaMore

  35. Summary • Hardware for Information Systems • Software for Information Systems • Stored Data for Information Systems • Personnel for Information Systems • Procedures for Information Systems • Ethical Issues for Information Systems Powered by DeSiaMore

  36. Final Black Slide Powered by DeSiaMore

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