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RFID: Technology and Applications

RFID: Technology and Applications. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding. Computers in Libraries 2011. Feb 20, 2011.

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RFID: Technology and Applications

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  1. RFID: Technology and Applications Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Computers in Libraries 2011 Feb 20, 2011

  2. Summary • As libraries consider investments in RFID-based equipment, such as selfcheck stations, anti-theft systems, automated material handling, or inventory control, it’s vital to have a solid understanding of the technology, standards, and best practices. Breeding gives an overview of the technology, some interesting applications enabled by RFID and addresses the issues and controversies brewing on the topic.

  3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

  4. Lib-web-cats Technology Profile

  5. Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products

  6. Lib-web-cats tech profile

  7. Purdue Self-check

  8. Salt Lake Public Library Self Check

  9. Stockholm Public Self-check

  10. Self-check

  11. Automated Returns

  12. Gentofte Patron Checkout and Returns

  13. Gentofte Public Library

  14. Gentofte Book Stacks

  15. Gentofte RFID-checkout

  16. Gentofte Return

  17. Automated Sorting

  18. Stockholm public library sorting system

  19. Stockholm Public Return

  20. Stockholm Public Book Return

  21. UNLV Staff RFID Station

  22. UNLV RFID Wands

  23. UNLF Automated storage

  24. UNLV Automated Storage Barcode

  25. Basics • Tag the Collection • Self-Check • Automated materials handling of returns • Anti-theft • RFID for both circulation and security • Hybrid systems use electro-magnetic strips for security

  26. Manufacturing library RFID Tags PV Supa / IconPrint Copenhagen, Denmark

  27. Finished RFID Tags

  28. RFID chip

  29. RFID vs Barcodes • Both uniquely identify materials in library collection • Lifespan of barcode: forever • Lifespan of RFID tags • Active: 10 years • Passive: much longer • Self-service and AMH work with either barcodes or RFID tags • Additional capabilities through RFID

  30. Major companies • 3M • Bibliotheca RFID • CheckPoint • PV Supa • VTLS • Tech Logic • Integrated Technology Group • Intellident

  31. Relevant Standards and Protocols • Connections with ILS • SIP2 • Standard Interchange Protocol, Version 2 • NCIP • NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol

  32. SIP Version 3? • 3m Announced in March 2010 that it would lead an initiative to develop a new version of SIP

  33. RFID vs Barcodes • All automation functions work with multiple collection identifying mechanisms – Barcode and RFID • Additional features and efficiencies possible with RIFD • Very high volume • Multi-item checkouts

  34. Beyond inventory control • 2CCQR – Major UK RFID Vendor • Wundarwall – intelligent display system for promoting library materials • Automatically generates dynamic presentation of enhanced content for each item placed on the display shelves

  35. 2CCQR Wundarwall

  36. IntellidentsmartBlade • Smart shelves that automatically detect items out of place or missing • Help users by showing exact location of a needed item • Implemented by Biomedical Sciences Library in Cardiff University

  37. Cost components for RFID • Self-Check equipment • Tags for each inventory item • Specialized tag products for DVD and other media products • Personnel costs for tagging collections • Integration modules for integrated library system

  38. Automated Materials Handling • Reduce manual labor involved in book returns • Check in materials and process exception conditions • Overdue • Requests or holds • Sorting systems – Get items ready for reshelving

  39. Inventory Control • Scan shelves to identify items out of place or missing • Barcodes – touch each item • RFID – sweep shelves with scanner

  40. Short term vs Long Term • Many libraries need help to reduce costs and meet demand in the short term • Longer term concern for shifts toward e-books

  41. Personnel impact • RFID deployments can reduce personnel involvement in routine circulation functions • Capital investment in equipment vs ongoing personnel costs • Reduce repetitive motion injuries • Decrease personnel to recoup equipment costs • Redeploy personnel to gain added value with customers • Example: Genofte library in Denmark

  42. Stability of RFID • Technologies will change over time • Generational changes expected • Standards help ensure compatibility

  43. Academic vs Public • RFID appropriate for collections with higher turnover • Phase in tags for initial deployment and subsequent transitions • Difficult match for large collections with limited circulation and limited turnover

  44. Privacy and security • Concern that non-library RFID equipment can be used to violate library patron privacy • Do not encode bibliographic information on tags: only unique identifiers neutral to content

  45. Standards • Physical tag characteristics • High Frequency: 13.56MHz • Data models for encoding tags

  46. Why the need for an RFID data standard • Avoids vendor lock-in and obsolescence • Allows tags to be used in multi-library resource sharing • Consortium – regional – national

  47. RFID in the United Kingdom • Struggle with standards • Selection of variable-length data model • ISO 28560 -2 • RFID Alliance • 3M, 2CQR, Axiell, Bibliotheca, DTech, Intellident, and Plescon Security Products • Controversies regarding compliance

  48. ISO 28560 – 3-part International Standard for RFID in Libraries • Part 1 – Specifies general model and data elements, security and privacy guidelines, physical characteristics and placement on materials • Part 2 – data model and encoding rules with variable-length encoding • The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable format data. • Part 3 – data model and encoding rules with fixed-length encoding • ISO 28560-3:2011 specifies the rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560-1 into a basic block, and other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag.

  49. Convergent Software • ISO 28560-2 Planning and Modeling software • select and arrange data elements and encoding these on a simulated tag • ISO 28560-2 Quality Control software • fully compliant decoder with the additional function of diagnostic software that identifies encoding errors  • ISO 28560-2 Comprehensive software • combines the functionality of the planning software and the quality control software products with our Data Editor tool

  50. Conformity with Standards • Look for vendors to make announcements regarding plans to produce and offer retrospective support for standards • Challenge for libraries that have already made investments in pre-standard products • Reprogram Tags? Re-tag collections?

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