Chapter 9

1. Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

2. 9.1Molecular Shapes • Molecular shapes are determined by bond angles . . H Cl N O HH H H H

3. 9.2 VSEPR • VSEPR Theory • Valence shell e- pair repulsion • BP=bonded pairs • Electron domain- where to most likely to find an e- • Non bonding pair-LONE PAIR

4. 9.2 VSPER(continued) • Electron-domain geometry (BP + LP) • Arrangement of e- about central atom • Molecular Geometry • Arrangement of atoms in space • Lone pair take up more space • Expanded Octets • Only one central atom at a time

5. 9.3 Polarity • Polarity-add vectors bond dipole • 0 dipole moment = nonpolar molecule

6. 9.4 Bonding • Covalent bonding and orbital overlap • Valence –bond theory • Bond theory • S-S • S-P • P-P • P-P

7. 9.6 More Bonding • Sigma Bond • End to end overlap • Pi bond • Parallel overlap • Single bond = 1 sigma • Double bond = 1 sigma and 1 pi • Triple bond = 1 sigma and 2 pi

8. 9.5 Hybrid Orbitals -hybridization • BeF2 • BF3 • CH4

9. 9.5 Hybrid Orbitals -hybridization • PCl5 • SF6

10. 9.7 Molecular Orbitals • Bonding Molecular Orbitals • Lower NRG, e- density between 2 atoms • Antibonding Molecular Orbitals • Higher NRG, e- density low between 2 atoms • Energy-level diagram

11. 9.7 Molecular Orbitals • Bond Order= Bonding e- - antibonding e- 2 • Paramagnetic-unpaired e- • Dimagnetic-no unpaired e-

12. Soap molecule

15. micelle