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POTENCIAL AGRONÓMICO DEL REGADÍO ELIAS FERERES INSTITUTO DE AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE (CSIC)

POTENCIAL AGRONÓMICO DEL REGADÍO ELIAS FERERES INSTITUTO DE AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE (CSIC) Y UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA. El riego es muy importante en la intensificación de la producción agrícola. SUPERFICIE CULTIVADA MUNDIAL. PRODUCCIÓN DE ALIMENTOS. Secano 83% 1.250 mill ha.

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POTENCIAL AGRONÓMICO DEL REGADÍO ELIAS FERERES INSTITUTO DE AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE (CSIC)

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  1. POTENCIAL AGRONÓMICO DEL REGADÍO ELIAS FERERES INSTITUTO DE AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE (CSIC) Y UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA

  2. El riego es muy importante en la intensificación de la producción agrícola SUPERFICIE CULTIVADA MUNDIAL PRODUCCIÓN DE ALIMENTOS Secano 83% 1.250 mill ha Regadío 17% 250 mill ha Secano 60% Regadío 40% Introducción general PRODUCCIÓN DE ALIMENTOS Y SUPERFICIE CULTIVADA (WRI “World Resources Institute”, 2004; FAOSTAT, 1999)

  3. Solar Radiation Temperatures Phys.-chem. Limitations (water, nutrients) Produccion potencial (B) YG Ecological reductions (pests, diseases weeds, etc..) (C) Produccion real La brecha entre rendimientos, YG YG = P. POTENCIAL – P. REAL E. Fereres, IAS-CSIC

  4. Projections based on Yield Trends Wheat 21 kg ha-1 year-1 89 kg ha-1 year-1 51 kg ha-1 year-1 24 kg ha-1 year-1 World 41 kg ha-1 year-1 Source: FAOSTAT E. Fereres, IAS-CSIC

  5. Syria (61 kg/ha/year) Iran (52 kg/ha/year) Iran (16 kg/ha/year) Algeria (15 kg/ha/year) Syria (22 kg/ha/year) Source: FAOSTAT

  6. Analysis of wheat yields by Sadras and Angus (2006)

  7. Gonzalez-Dugo y Mateos, 2007, en Andalucía Montoro et al., En Albacete

  8. Gonzalez-Dugo y Mateos, 2007, en Andalucía Montoro et al., En Albacete ¡ES EL MANEJO! OBJETIVO: CERRAR LA BRECHA DE LOS RENDIMIENTOS

  9. Agua consumida / Agua requerida ASSESSING IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE Relative Irrigation Supply (Lorite et al., Irrig.Sci., 2004)

  10. Satellite-based estimation of consumptive use (ET) for planning and for performance assessment. (SEBAL, METRIC, etc.,) Large variations in Crop ET among farms Lorite et al., 2007

  11. P. Zarco’s team, IAS, Córdoba.

  12. El desafío es ahorrar agua en la agricultura

  13. REDUCIR PÉRDIDAS: (escorrentía, drenaje,.) Y/O REDUCIR ET (E y/o T)?

  14. H2O H2O CO2 CO2 ZEF/Bonn/2001

  15. Ymax Y (t/ha) ETmax Typical Production Function Agronomic Crops ETc (mm)

  16. Background • Revision of the 1979 FAO I & D Paper no.33, • “Yield Response to Water” • Consultative process with experts • A simulation model for field-crops: • AquaCrop

  17. | Crop AquaCrop Conceptual Framework CO2 pw ETo Es Ta T(oC) Canopy Cover Leaf expansion gs Phenology Biomass Yield HI Senescence Root (depth/shape)

  18. P. Steduto, D. Raes, T.C. Hsiao & E. Fereres A MODEL FOR SIMULATING WATER-LIMITED YIELD (LA PRODUCCIÓN ALCANZABLE CON UNA CANTIDAD DE AGUA LIMITADA) www.fao.org/nr/water

  19. DEFICIT IRRIGATION = APPLICATIONS BELOW CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS (ET) (Soil water deficits may or may not cause crop water deficits and reduction in ET) REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION (RDI)= PLANNED CROP WATER DEFICITS AT SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES. (Crop water stress occurs at certain stages; ET may or may not be reduced significantly; RISKS increased)

  20. EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN YIELD AND IRRIGATION WATER As uniformity decreases, more water is needed to achieve high yields Fereres et al., 1993, ICSC, Ames, Iowa.

  21. Water production fuction of olive; Cordoba, 1996-2000 (Moriana et al., JASHS, 2003) Y = -16.836 + 62.85×10-3 ET - 0.035×10-3 ET2 R2 = 0.71

  22. Marginal WP of a mature olive orchard under water deficits MWP (€/m3) ET (mm) (Moriana et al., JASHS, 2003)

  23. Distribution of Irrigated Crops 51 % 28 % 32% 13 % 40 % 36 % Field crops Olives Horticultural crops Anuario de Estadística Agraria (1983) Cap, Junta de Andalucía (2004) 1983 2003 ANDALUCÍA, S. SPAIN 254.817 ha 320.971 ha 80.549 ha 282.372 ha 228.970 ha 355.820 ha Total 630.490 ha 893.009 ha

  24. Capítulo I. Introducción EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS REGADÍOS

  25. 42 % 28 % 32% 23 % 35 % 40 % Field crops Field crops 196.164 ha 254.817 ha Vegetable crops Olives 282.372 ha 109.755 ha Trees & Vines Horticultural crops 167.560 ha 355.820 ha Total Total 473.479 ha 893.009 ha Distribution of Irrigated Crops, 2003 Fresno Co., California Andalucia, Spain Anuario de Estadística Agraria (1983) Cap, Junta de Andalucía (2004) Fresno County Agricultural Commisioner

  26. Objetivos Mantener los ingresos y reducir el agua de riego Riego deficitario controlado (RDC) Deficits hídricos planificados en momentos determinados del desarrollo al objeto de minimizar el impacto en el rendimiento

  27. 600 650 700 750 800 850 550 600 650 700 750 800 RDI IN ORANGE TREES The effects on fruit quality and profits Each dot is a RDI treatment (from Fereres, Goldhamer and Parsons, 2003)

  28. Agua aplicada Produc. Diám. Fruto nº (mm) (t ha-1) (mm) frutos Tratamiento RDC RDS RFinca 353 353 528 38,8 b 36,3 c 39,1 b 73,5 a 71,6 b 73,2 a 300 b 300 b 304 b RESULTADOS DE UN EXPERIMENTO DE 5 AÑOS (2001-2006) Melocotonero, Córdoba, Finca la Veguilla 33% menos de agua de riego en RDC sin impacto en la producción

  29. PROYECTO CONSOLIDER 2006 “Programa Integral de Ahorro y Mejora Productiva del Agua de Riego en la Horticultura Española” FIN

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