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INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLE TISSUE

This comprehensive guide covers the definition, properties, and classification of muscle tissue, including striated, smooth, and cardiac muscles. Learn about the structure and functions of muscle cells, as well as the different types of voluntary muscles and their classifications based on color and fiber direction.

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INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLE TISSUE

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLE TISSUE

  2. Learning objectives • Definition • Structure • Properties • Classification • Functions.

  3. Muscle Definition: collection of specialised cells with impt properties – contractility Elasticity Muscle – Muscle fibers blood vessels connective tissue nerve fibers

  4. Properties of muscle Special property = contractility Plasmalemma = sarcolemma Cytoplasma = sarcoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum = sarcoplasmic reticulum

  5. tissue? group of cells morphologically similar & physiologically identical.

  6. Muscle cells or myocyte – Features 1.Shape : long , narrow , cylinderical fibres 2. Fibres run parallel to axis of muscle . 3. Composed of smaller of thicker & thinner filaments

  7. 4. Made up of myoproteins = Actin , myosin ,tropomyosin , troponin Three kinds of muscle Striated Smooth Cardiac

  8. Skeletal muscle / Voluntary/Striated • Straight • Unbranched • They acts on the joint • Reveals cross striations • Structural Syncitium

  9. It is under the control of our will – voluntary Nuclei towards periphery. Light & dark band present -striped muscle

  10. Parts of voluntary muscle • Fleshy belly • Fibrous extension = tendon or aponeurosis

  11. Red More primitive Less cross striations More sarcoplasm Contraction is slow Found in deep muscles Ex: extensors White More recent More striations Less sarcoplasm Contraction is rapid Found in Superficial muscles Ex: muscles for eye movement Classification of voluntary muscles1.According to color= Red & White

  12. 2.Types of insertion of muscles

  13. 3. According to the direction of the muscle fibers a. Parallel b. Pennate c. Spiral d. Cruciate

  14. a).Parallel muscles • The muscle fibers are parallel to line of pull • The fibers are long • Functions: • Range of movement • ↓ Power of action

  15. Sub divisions of parallel muscles a).Strap muscles b).Quadrate muscles c).Fusiform muscles

  16. Strap muscles Ex: Sartorius Rectus abdominis

  17. Quadrate Quadratus lumborum • Fusiform muscle Biceps brachii

  18. b) Pennate muscles • Fibers are oblique to line of pull b.1 Unipennate Flexor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius

  19. b.2 Bipennate Rectus femoris Dorsal interossei of hand & foot

  20. b.3 Multipennate • A series of bipennate muscles lie side by side in one plane Acromial fibers of deltoid

  21. B 4 Circumpennate • The muscle is cylindrical • Oblique fibers converge into central tendon from all sides Tibialis anterior

  22. c) Spiral muscle • Muscles are twisted in arrangements close to their insertion ex- Pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi

  23. Cruciate muscle • Muscle fibers are arranged in sup and deep planes crossing like “X”

  24. Action of muscles • Prime mover • Antagonists • Fixation muscles • Synergists

  25. TENDON: skeletal muscle & bundles of fibres is surrounded by connective tissue , at the end of muscle & is continued as tendon .

  26. Aponeurosis ?

  27. Antagonistic muscle Definition : muscle on contraction brings opposite movements at the same joint

  28. example– • a) contraction of biceps flexes the elbow joint whereas triceps brings expense elbow joint . • b) Abductor draw the bone away from body Adductors brings bone towards the body • c) sphinctor – constricts an opening • d) dilator - dialates opening

  29. Structure of voluntary muscle • Coverings • Epimysium • Perimysium • Endomysium Each fasiculus is covered by endomysium

  30. muscle Fasciculus Muscle fibers Myofibris Myofilaments of actin & mysoin

  31. E M structure of skeletal muscle 1)Myofibrils composed of myosin (thick filaments) , actin & other proteins (thin filament) 2).Dark bands – A band 3).Lightband – I band 4). Center of A band – light – H band .

  32. H band is again bisect by M line . Each I band has dark line the Z disc the portion of myofibril b/w two Z discs – sarcomere.

  33. Sarcolemma • Sarcoplasm • Myofibrils • Myofilaments

  34. Smooth muscle • Not under control of conscious mind • The action is sluggish

  35. Smooth muscle • Two types of smooth muscles • Multi unit muscle Contraction does not arise spontaneously • Ex: Muscles of iris and those of the wall of large arteries

  36. Single unit muscle • Contraction is spontaneous • Action is myogenic • Ex: are muscles of stomach, intestines, uterus, ureter and some of the small blood vessels

  37. Cardiac muscle

  38. Source of development : all from secondary mesoderma in origin . • Skeletal muscle – somatopleuric mesoderm • Cardiac muscle splanchnopleuric • Smooth muscle mesoderm. Ciliary muscle of eye & iris ----- ectodermal in origin .

  39. Functions muscle tissue To provide movement of skeleton & other organs . Contraction Storage of glycogen

  40. Muscle contracts & relaxesbut never expands largest muscle – gluteus maximus longest muscle – sartorious Smallest muscle – stapedius of middle ear

  41. Thank you

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