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klws: 8vIN ivSw: smwijk is`iKAw pwT:18

ividAwrQI: gurmIq kOr suKjIq isMG rxjIq isMG suirMdr kOr. klws: 8vIN ivSw: smwijk is`iKAw pwT:18. AiDAwpk: jsvIr kOr srkwrI hweI skUl qwmkot izlw mwnsw. mu~FlI jwxkwrI sMbMDI pRSn mu`FlI jwxkwrI v`K-v~K nyqwvW Aqy auhnW v`loN jwqI pRQw nUM Kqm krn iv`c pwey Xogdwn bwry jwxkwrI

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klws: 8vIN ivSw: smwijk is`iKAw pwT:18

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  1. ividAwrQI: gurmIq kOr suKjIq isMG rxjIq isMG suirMdr kOr klws: 8vIN ivSw: smwijk is`iKAw pwT:18 AiDAwpk: jsvIr kOr srkwrI hweI skUl qwmkot izlw mwnsw

  2. mu~FlI jwxkwrI sMbMDI pRSn mu`FlI jwxkwrI v`K-v~K nyqwvW Aqy auhnW v`loN jwqI pRQw nUM Kqm krn iv`c pwey Xogdwn bwry jwxkwrI AiBAws qqkrw

  3. kI qusIN Aijhy iksy vI nyqw jW SKsIAq nUM jwxdy ho ijsny jwqI pRQw nUM Kqm krn leI Xqn kIqy hox? jy hW qW bwkI b`icAW nUM vI ies bwry d`so? quhwfy Aws-pws jwqI pRQw nUM Kqm krn leI kI-kI Xqn ho rhy hn? kI qusIN swirAW nwl ipAwr nwl rihMdy ho? kI swfy dyS iv`c jwqI pRQw nUM Kqm krn leI koeI knUMn vI bxy hn? mu~FlI jwxkwrI sMbMDI pRSn

  4. mu`FlI jwxkwrI irgvYidk kwl smyN smwj iv`c jwqI pRQw pRc`ilq sI[ smwj v`K v`K DMidAW dy AwDwr qy cwr vrgW iv`c vMifAw hoieAw sI[ iehnW cwr vrgW dy nwm sn bRwhmx, kS`qrI, vYS qy SUdr[ pRMqU rwjpUq kwl smyN smwj iv`c jwqI pRQw bhuq kTor ho geI[ aus smyN smwj keI hor jwqW Aqy aupjwqW iv`c vMifAw igAw sI[ irSI vyd ivAws (irgvyd dy rcyqw)

  5. smwj iv`c bRwhmxW dw bhuq siqkwr kIqw jWdw sI jdoik SUdrW nUM sB qoN nINvw smiJAw jWdw sI[ • smwj iv`c nIvIN jwqI dy lokW nwl bhuq burw slUk kIqw jWdw sI[ auh au`cI jwqI dy lokW nwl myl jol nhIN kr skdy sn[ auhnW nUM Awm lokW duAwrw vrqy jWdy KUhW Aqy qlwbW qoN pwxI nhIN Brn id`qw jWdw sI[ auhnW nUM mMdrW iv`c jwx Aqy vyd pVn qoN mnw kIqw jWdw sI[

  6. au`cIAw jwqIAW dy lokW duAwrw nIvIAW jwqIAW dy lokW qy kIqy jw rhy A`iqAwcwrW nUM Kqm krn leI AnykW jwqI suDwr AMdoln SurU hoey[ • auhnW iv`coN pRmu~K AMdolnW dI AgvweI joiqbw PUly, vIr silMgm, SRI nwrwiex gurU, prIAwr rwmw svwmI, fwktr BIm rwau AMbydkr Aqy mhwqmw gWDI Awid mhwn AwgUAW duAwrw kIqI geI[ joiqbw PUly SRI nwrwiex guru prIAwr rwmw svwmI fwktr BIm rwau AMbydkr

  7. joiqbw PUly • joiqbw PUly mhwrwStr dy ie`k mhwn smwj suDwrk sn[ auhnW ny nIvIAW jwqW dy lokW dw suDwr krn leI AnykW mh`qvpUrn kwrj kIqy[ • sB qoN pihlW auhnW ny nIvIN jwqI dIAW lVkIAW dI pVHweI leI pUny iv`c iqMn skUl Koly[ iehnW skUlW iv`c joiqbw PUly Aqy ausdI pqnI swivqrI bweI Awp pVHwauNdy sn[ • joiqbw Puly ny 24 sqMbr 1873 eI: nUM s`iqAwSoDk smwj nW dI sMsQw sQwipq kIqI[ ies sMsQw dy pihly pRDwn joiqbw PUly Aqy sk`qr nwrwiex rwE, goivMd rwE kfwlk sn[ ies sMsQw ny nIvIAW jwqIAW dy lokW leI smwijk inAw dI mMg kIqI[ joiqbw PUly

  8. vIr silMgm • kdUkrI vIr silMgm AWDrw pRdyS rwj dy smwj suDwrk sn[ auh smwj suDwrk hox dy nwl -nwl ie`k mhwn ivdvwn vI sn[ auhnW ny pRiemrI skUl iv`c pVHdy smyN hI smwj iv`c pRc`ilq KoKly rIqI-irvwjW Aqy Dwrimk ivSvwsW dI inMdw kIqI [ • vIr silMgm ie`k pRis`D lyKk vI sn[ aunHW ny Awpxy lyKW Aqy nwtkW rwhIN jwqI-pRQw Kqm krn leI pRcwr kIqw [ • auhnW ivDvw punr-ivAwh nUM knUMnI qOr qy mwnqw idvwaux leI AnykW Xqn kIqy Aqy keI hor suDwr kIqy[ ies krky auhnW nMU vrqmwn AWDrw pRdyS rwj dy smwj dy pYgMbr ikhw jWdw hY[ vIr silMgm

  9. sRI nrwiex gurU • sRI nwrwiex gurU kyrlw rwj dy mhwn smwj suDwrk sn[ 1856 eI: iv`c auhnW dw jnm iejhyvz jwqI iv`c kyrlw ivKy hoieAw sI[ auh AwpxI swrI aumr nIvIN jwqI Kws krky iezhyvz jwqI dy lokW dI hwlq suDwrn leI sMGrS krdy rhy[ auhnW ny smwj suDwr dw kMm krn leI 1903 eI: iv`c sRI nwrwiex Drm prIpwln Xogm dI sQwpnw kIqI[ • sRI nwrwiex guru ny jwqI Aqy Drm dy AwDwr qy kIqy jWdy Byd Bwv dw ivroD kIqw[ auhnW ny nIvI jwqI dy lokW dI hwlq suDwrn Aqy auhnW nUM smwj iv`c shI drjw idvwaux leI Xqn kIqy[ sRI nrwiex gurU

  10. pirAwr rwmw svwmI • pirAwr rwmw svwmI qwimlnwfU dy mhwn smwj suDwrk sn[ auhnW dw jnm 17 sqMbr 1879 eI: nUM mdrws (qwimlnwfU) iv`c hoieAw sI[ • auhnW ny nIvIN jwqI dy lokW dI BlweI leI dRwivV kwzgwm nW dI sMsQw sQwipq kIqI[ ies sMsQw ny nIvIN jwqI dy lokW nUM srkwrI nOkrIAW iv`c rWKvWkrn idvwaux leI Xqn kIqy[ • pirAwr rwmw svwmI ny ACUq pRQw nUM Kqm krn leI vYkos s`iqAwgRih SurU kIqw[ ies AMdoln iv`c mhwqmw gWDI, sI rwjw gupwl, AwcwrIAw, AwcwrIAw ivnoBw Bwvy Awid rwStrI nyqwvW ny vI ih`sw ilAw[ pirAwr rwmw svwmI

  11. fw: BIm rwE AMbydkr • fw: BIm rwE AMbydkr ny smwj Aqy srkwr qoN nIvIN jwqI dy lokW nwl inAW krn dI mMg kIqI[ • 1918 eI: iv`c auhnW ny sWaUQboro irPwrmz kmytI qoN mMg kIqI ik iehnW lokW leI jnsMiKAw dy Anupwq dy AwDwr qy Bwrq dy swry pRWqw dIAW lYijslyitv kONislW Aqy kyNdrI lyijslyitv kONislW iv`c sItW rwKvIAW r`KIAW jwx Aqy auhnw leI Al`g cox Kyqr inSicq kIqy jwx[ pRMqU kmytI ny Aijhw nhIN kIqw[ fw: BIm rwE AMbydkr

  12. 1931 eI: iv`c fw: BIm rwE AMbydkr ny ie`k golmyz kwnPrMs iv`c nIvIAW jwqIAW dy lokW nUM rwjnIiqk AiDkwr dyx dI isPwirS kIqI ijsnUM 16 Agsq 1932 eI: nUM ibRitS pRDWn mMqrI duAwrw jwrI kIqy gey kMimaUnl Avwrf iv`c kwPI h`d q`k pRvwn kr ilAw igAw[ fw: BIm rwE ny AkqUbr 1936 eI: iv`c ieMfIpYNfyt lybr pwrtI AwP ieMfIAw dI sQwpnw kIqI[ auhnW ny lybr pwrtI Aqy SifaUlf kwst PYfrySn rwjnIiqk dlW dw sMgTn kIqw[ auhnW dy XqnW sdkw srkwr ny CUq Cwq pRQw nUM gYrknUMnI GoiSq kr id`qw[

  13. mhwqmw gWDI • mhwqmw gWDI CUq Cwq nUM ie`k pwp smJdy sn[ • 1920 eI: iv`c mhwqmw gWDI jI dI AgvweI hyT ibRitS srkwr ivru~D nw imlvrqn AMdoln SurU kIqw igAw[ ies AMdoln dy pRogrwm dI rUp ryKw iv`c smwj iv`c CUq Cwq Kqm krnw vI Swiml sI[ • 1921 eI; qoN 1923 eI: dOrwn kWgrs ny auswrU pRogrwm qy Krc kIqI 49.5 l`K dI rkm iv`coN nINvI jwqI dy lokW dI BlweI leI kyvl 43,381 rupey Krc kIqy sn[ • BWvy nIvI jwqI dy lokW ny mhwqmw gWDI jI duAwrw SurU kIqy nwimlvrqn AMdoln iv`c ih`sw nhIN ilAw sI qW vI gWDI jI ny aunW lokW dI hwlq suDwrn leI AnykW Xqn kIqy sn[ mhwqmw gWDI

  14. mhwqmw gWDI ny nIvIAW jwqIAW dy lokW leI vrqy jWdy SbdW dI QW hrIjn Sbd dI vrqo krnI SurU kIqI[ ijsdw ArQ hY “eISvr dy b`cy[” gWDI jI ny 11 PrvrI 1933 eI: nUM spwihk smwcwr p`qr pRkwiSq krnw SurU kIqw[ ijsdw audyS nIvIAw jwqIAW dy lokW dI hwlq suDwrnw sI[ 7 nvMbr 1933 eI: nUM auhnW ny vwrDw sQwn qoN hrIjnW dI BlweI leI dOrw krnw Suru kIqw[ ies dOry dOrwn auhnW ny ikhw ik swry mnu~KW nUM brwbr smJxw cwhIdw hY qy sB nUM brwbr AiDkwr hn[

  15. AiBAws

  16. irgvYidk kwl smyN smwj ikhVy ikhVy cwr vrgW iv`c vMifAw hoieAw sI[ iehnW cwr vrgW dy nwm kI sn? joiqbw PUly Bwrq dy iks rwj nwl sMbMD r`Kdy sn? sRI nrwiex gurU dw jnm kdoN, ik`Qy, Aqy iks jwqI iv`c hoieAw? pirAwr rwmw svwmI ny nIvI jwqI dy lokW dI BlweI leI iks nwm dI sMsQw sQwipq kIqI[ fw: BIm rwE AMbydkr ny ieMfIpYNfyt lybr pwrtI AwP ieMfIAw dI sQwpnw kdoN kIqI[ pRSn

  17. irgvYidk kwl smyN smwj cwr vrgW iv`c vMifAw hoieAw sI[ iehnW cwr vrgW dy nwm sn bRwhmx, kS`qrI, vYS qy SUdr[ joiqbw PUly mhwrwStr dy ie`k mhwn smwj suDwrk sn[ sRI nrwiex gurU dw jnm 1856 eI: iv`c iejhyvz jwqI iv`c kyrlw ivKy hoieAw sI[ pirAwr rwmw svwmI ny nIvI jwqI dy lokW dI BlweI leI dRwivV kwzgwm nW dI sMsQw sQwipq kIqI[ auhnW ny AkqUbr 1936 eI: iv`c ieMfIpYNfyt lybr pwrtI AwP ieMfIAw dI sQwpnw kIqI[ au~qr

  18. pRMqU rwjpUq kwl smyN smwj iv`c_____bhuq kTor ho geI[ aus smyN smwj keI hor jwqW Aqy aupjwqW iv`c vMifAw igAw sI[ auhnW nUM Awm lokW duAwrw vrqy jWdy_____Aqy qlwbW qoN pwxI nhIN Brn id`qw jWdw sI[ sB qoN pihlW auhnW ny nIvIN jwqI dIAW lVkIAW dI pVHweI leI _____iv`c iqMn skUl Koly[ _____ie`k pRis`D lyKk vI sn[ aunHW ny Awpxy lyKW Aqy nwtkW rwhIN jwqI-pRQw Kqm krn leI pRcwr kIqw [ 1918 eI: iv`c auhnW ny_____kmytI qoN mMg kIqI ik iehnW lokW leI jnsMiKAW dy Anupwq dy AwDwr qy Bwrq dy swry_____dIAW lYijslyitv kONislW Aqy kyNdrI lyijslyitv kONislW iv`c sItW rwKvIAW r`KIAW jwx[ _____ny ACUq pRQw nUM Kqm krn leI vYkos s`iqAwgRih SurU kIqw[ fw: BIm rwE ny AkqUbr_____eI: iv`c ieMfIpYNfyt lybr pwrtI AwP ieMfIAw dI sQwpnw kIqI[ KwlI QWvw Bro

  19. pRMqU rwjpUq kwl smyN smwj iv`c jwqI pRQw bhuq kTor ho geI[ aus smyN smwj keI hor jwqW Aqy aupjwqW iv`c vMifAw igAw sI[ auhnW nUM Awm lokW duAwrw vrqy jWdy KUhW Aqy qlwbW qoN pwxI nhIN Brn id`qw jWdw sI[ sB qoN pihlW auhnW ny nIvIN jwqI dIAW lVkIAW dI pVHweI leI pUny iv`c iqMn skUl Koly[ vIr silMgm ie`k pRis`D lyKk vI sn[ aunHW ny Awpxy lyKW Aqy nwtkW rwhIN jwqI-pRQw Kqm krn leI pRcwr kIqw [ 1918 eI: iv`c auhnW ny sWaUQboro irPwrmz kmytI qoN mMg kIqI ik iehnW lokW leI jnsMiKAW dy Anupwq dy AwDwr qy Bwrq dy swry pRWqw dIAW lYijslyitv kONislW Aqy kyNdrI lyijslyitv kONislW iv`c sItW rwKvIAW r`KIAW jwx[ pirAwr rwmw svwmI ny ACUq pRQw nUM Kqm krn leI vYkos s`iqAwgRih SurU kIqw[ fw: BIm rwE ny AkqUbr 1936 eI: iv`c ieMfIpYNfyt lybr pwrtI AwP ieMfIAw dI sQwpnw kIqI[ au~qr

  20. skUlW iv`c joiqbw PUly Aqy ausdI pqnI swivqrI bweI Awp pVHwauNdy sn[ vIr silMgmivDvw punr-ivAwh dy iKlwP sn[ fw: BIm rwE ny lybr pwrtI Aqy SifaUlf kwst PYfrySn rwjnIiqk dlW dw sMgTn kIqw[ gWDI jI ny 11 PrvrI 1935 eI: nUM spwihk smwcwr p`qr pRkwiSq krnw SurU kIqw[ 7 nvMbr 1933 eI: nUM auhnW ny vwrDw sQwn qoN hrIjnW dI BlweI leI dOrw krnw Suru kIqw[ shI glq d`so

  21. skUlW iv`c joiqbw PUly Aqy ausdI pqnI swivqrI bweI Awp pVHwauNdy sn[ vIr silMgmivDvw punr-ivAwh dy iKlwP sn[ fw: BIm rwE ny lybr pwrtI Aqy SifaUlf kwst PYfrySn rwjnIiqk dlW dw sMgTn kIqw[ gWDI jI ny 11 PrvrI 1935 eI: nUM spwihk smwcwr p`qr pRkwiSq krnw SurU kIqw[ 7 nvMbr 1933 eI: nUM auhnW ny vwrDw sQwn qoN hrIjnW dI BlweI leI dOrw krnw Suru kIqw[ au~qr

  22. pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf dI 8vIN dI smwijk is`iKAw dI ikqwb iv`coN www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1024&bih=527&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=mhatma+gandhi&btnG=Search sRoq

  23. DMnvwd

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