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Semester Review

Semester Review. Disclaimer.

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Semester Review

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  1. Semester Review

  2. Disclaimer This review is a broad and sweeping review that is designed to help in studying for the final. All of the major themes that are on the final appear in the following slide show, however, you should still use your notes and knowledge that you gained during the semester. Good Luck on the final and your future!!!

  3. Cabinet 15 Executive departments Heads of the department and the Vice President make up the Cabinet Heads of Depts are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate State- Foreign Affairs Homeland Security- Coast Guard and defense of the nation

  4. Constitution • Written plan for Government • Bill of Rights • Protect freedoms from National government • Added after ratification • Problems with the Articles of Confederation • One Branch of gov’t- legislative • Too weak of a central gov’t • Couldn’t control trade

  5. Powers • Reserved powers-”not delegated to the U.S….” • Belong to states • Conduct elections • Concurrent powers- shared between states and Federal government • Tax and borrow money • Exclusive powers- only given to the federal government • War, print money, etc. • Inherent – must be held by national government • Immigration

  6. Congress • Bicameral • Made up of 2 parts- House and Senate

  7. Congress • Reapportionment- House seats based on pop. • Done every 10 years (after census) • Districts drawn by state leg. • Gerrymandering- drawing of odd shapes to help the party in power • Committees- do the majority of the work • Screening process • Conference committee- used when Senate and House pass different versions of a bill • Average Congressperson- white, 55, lawyer, male • Power of the purse- defense and foriegn aide budgets

  8. Constitutional Convention • Plans • Virginia Plan- large states, based on population • New Jersey Plan- equal rep ( small states) • Connecticut Plan= great compromise • Constitutional Convention of 1787 • Goal was to revise Articles of Confederation- 1st real government in “new world” • Debate over ratification formed 2 groups (Federalist and Anti- federalist)

  9. Judicial Branch • Grand Jury- hand down indictments • Constitution only creates the Supreme Court • Jurisdiction- power of a court to hear and decide a case • Original versus Appellate • Federal judges are appointed by • Most for life • Free from public pressure and opinion

  10. Supreme Court Cases • Univ of California v. Bakke • “reverse discrimination” • Marbury v. Madison • Judicial Review • Plessy v. Ferguson • “separate but equal” • Miranda v. Arizona • Rights of accused • Tinker v. Des Moines • Free speech at school

  11. Supreme Court Cases • Mapp v. Ohio • Search and Seizure- Exclusionary rule • Brown v. Board of Education • Overturned “Plessy” • Engel v. Vitale • School prayer • TLO v. New Jersey • “Reasonable Suspicion” at school • Gideon v. Wainwright • Right to an attorney

  12. Amendments • 1st amendment • Speech, press, religion, assembly • Establishment clause • 12th- electoral college, separated pres. and vice president elections • 17th-changed Senator elections to popular elections • 20th-Shortened “Lame Duck” period • 22nd-President term limit to 10 years • 25th-Presidential Succession

  13. Semester Review • Federalism- • divides government power between national and state governments • Special Interest groups • Use lobbyists to influence public policy • Unite a specific group of people (unions) • John Locke • Government rules by the will of the people • Limited government (Magna Carta) • Presidential Government • Executive and legislative branches are independent of each other

  14. Semester Review • Full Faith and Credit • Same rights and protections in every state (marriage) • Voting • 18 years old, a citizen • Registered voter- “prevents” fraud • Electoral College- elects the president indirectly from the people • Slander • defaming spoken words • Writ of Habeas Corpus • Prevents person from being held without due process

  15. Presidential Roles • Chief of State- figure head of the US • Chief Diplomat-foreign affairs • Chief Executive-gives orders, appoints • Chief Legislator-lawmaker, proposes leg. (State of Union- in Constitution ), veto • Commander in Chief- controls all military • War Powers Act- limited presidents power over military

  16. Checks and Balances/Sepration of power Prevent one Branch or person from becoming too powerful Congress-override pres. Veto/create courts President-veto legislation Supreme Court- Declare acts unconstitutional/ serve for life/

  17. Liberal v. Conservative

  18. Vocabulary • Pendleton Act • Created the Civil Service • Magna Carta • Created idea of limited government and human rights • Separation of powers • 3 branches of government • Public Opinion • Measured by opinion polls • Important to Congress and the president

  19. Vocabulary • Primaries • Open v. closed • Third Parties • Innovator • PAC’s • Raise money for political parties • Removal Power • President can remove all that he appoints except judges

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