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Chapter 4 Lesson 2

Chapter 4 Lesson 2. Earthquakes And Volcanoes. Earthquakes. Earthquakes. Earthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust The actual place underground where the rocks break producing vibrations is called the focus The place on the surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter.

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Chapter 4 Lesson 2

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  1. Chapter 4Lesson 2 Earthquakes And Volcanoes

  2. Earthquakes

  3. Earthquakes • Earthquake – sudden movement of Earth’s crust • The actual place underground where the rocks break producing vibrations is called the focus • The place on the surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter

  4. Normal Fault http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en

  5. Reverse Fault http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en

  6. Strike-Slip Fault http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en

  7. San Andreas Fault

  8. Seismic Waves Originate at the focus and travel outward in all directions Magnitude – the measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake • Aftershocks: Are adjustments in the crust after in earthquake

  9. Volcano – opening in the Earth’s crust • Eruption – outpouring of melted rock, ash, and gases • Lava– magma that reaches the Earth’s surface • Crater – a • depression around a vent

  10. Ring of FireThe ring around the Pacific Ocean that has most of the world’s volcanoes

  11. Volcanoes Quiet lava flows

  12. Dike – magma that hardens in a vertical crack • Sill – magma that hardens between horizontal layers of earth • Laccolith – magma in a sill that pushes upward • Batholith – large, underground magma formation

  13. Types of Volcanoes • Shield Volcano • Built from layers of lava • Non-explosive eruptions • Not very steep, but can be big

  14. Types of Volcanoes • Cinder Cone Volcano • Built from pyroclastic material • Moderately explosive, short eruptions • Small in size, steep slopes

  15. Types of Volcanoes • Composite Volcanoes • Most common type • Explosive eruptions and lava flow • Built from pyroclastic material AND lava

  16. Mt. St. Helen before the explosive eruption

  17. Volcanoes

  18. Mt. St. Helen after the eruption

  19. Island chain – line of volcanic mountains • Hot spot – stationary pool of magma • Island arc – volcanic islands that are made my subducting ocean floor plates

  20. Mid-Plate Hotspots

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