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Judaism: Beliefs, Practices, and Traditions

Learn about Judaism's view on afterlife, sin, and judgment, as well as its practices, life cycle events, and political views. Explore the texts, leaders, and society of this ancient religion with a focus on repairing the world. Discover the importance of the Land of Israel in Judaism and its connection to Jewish law.

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Judaism: Beliefs, Practices, and Traditions

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  1. Judaism Religion ? Nationality? Culture? Ethnic Group?

  2. God Sh'ma Yisra'eil Adonai Eloheinu Adonai echad.Hear, Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One.

  3. Afterlife • No mandated, official, definitive belief • Judaism does believe in an afterlife, but it is not the primary focus of our religion and there is a lot of room for personal opinion about the nature of the afterlife. • Judaism is more concerned about actions than beliefs Deed rather than Creed

  4. Sin and Judgment • God formed man (vayyitzer) with two impulses yezter tov (good impulse) and yestzer ra (bad impulse) • Yezter tov—moral conscious • Yezter ra—difficult to define, many different ideas (not really desire to do evil, not really Satan/external) • Concept of “sin” is simply straying off course • Teshuva is returning • Yom Kippur, • day of saying “I’m sorry”, turning back, • God seals fate for the next year

  5. Practices • Shabbat (Sabbath) • Holidays • Rosh Hashanah (Head of the Year) • Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) • Sukkot (Harvest Festival) • Chanukah (Festival of Lights) • Purim • Pesach (Passover) • Shavu’ot (Giving of the Torah)

  6. Practices Life Cycle • Child born pure • Baby naming, Brit Milah (Covenant of Circumcision—only males) • Bar / Bat Mitzvah 13 years old, age held responsible for ones actions • Wedding • Funeral

  7. Leaders • Rabbi: teacher, scholar • Patriarchs • Abraham • One God • two sons Isaac and Ishmael • Isaac • Jacob • God changed name to Israel, 12 sons • Moses • Exodus from Egypt • Greatest prophet, teacher, leader

  8. Political Views Tikkunolam Repairing the World • Social Justice • Mitzvot (Commandments) • Environment • Peace • Caring for oppressed • Charity, philanthropy

  9. Texts Torah • Torah: 5 books Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Number, Deuteronomy • Written on parchment scrolls, don’t touch use yod, rules for transcribing • Tanakh: TORAH (The Law), NEVI'IM (The Prophets), KETHUVIM (The Writings) • No “Old/New” testament

  10. Society • Heritage through the mother • Orthodox, Conservative, Reform: different gender roles, levels of observance • Family, important • Education: value to study Torah, to question

  11. Israel • Land of Israel central to Judaism • A substantial portion of Jewish law is tied to the land of Israel, and can only be performed there • Living outside of Israel is viewed as an unnatural state for a Jew: exile, diaspora • Jews were exiled from the land of Israel by the Romans in 135 C.E, after they defeated the Jews in a three-year war, and Jews did not have any control over the land again until 1948 C.E. • For thousands of years services (Passover, Yom Kippur) end with “Next year in Jerusalem!”

  12. Law • 613 Mitzvot (commandments) • 10 commandments categories for the 613 • first tablet, containing the first five declarations, identifies duties regarding our relationship with God, • second tablet, containing the last five declarations, identifies duties regarding our relationship with other people. • Slight differences in translation/ order in Judaism, Catholicism, Protestantism

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