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X-Ray Physics DXO 607

X-Ray Physics DXO 607. The Basic Principles of X-ray Production. Michael J. O’Connor D.C. Chapter 1. Introduction To X-ray. What is a ray?. A beam of radiant energy which travels as a wave motion and is measured in terms of energy & wavelength. The Duality of X-ray.

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X-Ray Physics DXO 607

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  1. X-Ray Physics DXO 607 The Basic Principles of X-ray Production Michael J. O’Connor D.C.

  2. Chapter 1 Introduction To X-ray

  3. What is a ray? • A beam of radiant energy which travels as a wave motion and is measured in terms of energy & wavelength.

  4. The Duality of X-ray • Two types of radiation: • Corpuscular radiation - tiny bits of matter moving almost as fast as the speed of light. • Wavelength radiation (electromagnetic) - waves of radiant energy possessing no mass and no weight.

  5. The Duality of X-ray • It was said that x-ray has no mass or weight however in recent years this concept has been closely scrutinized & questioned. • Example: Cathode rays have been shown to have alpha & Beta particles. These particles are of interest to us as they are the mass particles of radiation explosions & produce radioactive material.

  6. The Duality of X-ray • A Quanta is a bundle of energy or radiation • Limiting of electrons in each shell is determined by 2n2 (n = number of the shell) • Example: What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell? 2(32) = 18

  7. The Electromagnetic Spectrum • Electric and Magnetic waves comprise the electromagnetic spectrum and are arranged according to their wavelengths. Sixty cycle A.C. current is the longest, their wave length being approximately 3000 miles; cosmic rays are the shortest at about one hundred-billionth of an inch. • X-ray is approximately one billionth of an inch.

  8. What is an X-ray? • An x-ray or Roentgen ray is a ray that is characterized by the following physical properties: • Has neither mass or weight -Has No Charge • Moves in straight lines • Moves at the speed of light (186,000 mi/sec) • Is invisible • Is differentially absorbed by matter • Affects photographic emulsions • Produces fluorescence & phosphorescence in some substances • Can ionize gases & can damage, kill or stimulate tissue • Is unaffected by electric or magnetic fields

  9. What is an X-ray? • Milliampere (MA): is responsible for the number of rays produced. • Kilovolts (kV): is the penetrating power. • MAS (MA x Sec.): is the product of MA multiplied by the time of exposure (in seconds)

  10. What is an X-ray? • We can prove the presence of x-ray by: • Their action on photographic emulsion • Their action on certain crystals causing fluorescence • Their ionization action on certain gases causing them to become conductors of electricity • Their action on certain chemical systems causing them to have a measurable change • Their action on certain substances causing these substances to change color • Under certain conditions x-ray can be seen

  11. The Discovery of X-ray • X-ray was discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen while he was the director of the Physical Institute at the University of Wurzburg, Bavaria. • Geissler, Crookes and Leonard had prepared the way by experiments in the preceding 35 years - most probably producing x-rays many times.

  12. The Discovery of X-ray • Roentgen discovered the ray while experimenting with an induction coil and a vacuum tube enclosed in black paper. A sheet of cardboard coated with barium platinocyanide, a substance known to fluoresce in the light of such an apparatus, glowed with all tube light excluded by the black paper covering.

  13. The Discovery of X-ray • Roentgen picked up the cardboard and in doing so saw the bones of his hand upon it. He called his great discovery x-rays - “x” representing the unknown. They are often termed Roentgen rays in honor of their discoverer.

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