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More Nomenclature

Learn how to name acids and molecular compounds, understand their cation and anion properties, and practice naming rules with examples for better comprehension. Enhance your chemistry knowledge and ace your assignments with this detailed guide.

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More Nomenclature

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  1. More Nomenclature this time…acids and molecular compounds

  2. Acids • will always have H+ as the cation • names are determined by the name of the anion present • will be in aqueous phase, (aq)

  3. Acids with “ide” anions • drop the suffix “ide” to leave the root word • add “hydro” as a prefix and “ic” as a suffix • end with “acid” as a separate word

  4. Acids with “ide” anions • HCl • anion is chloride • drop “ide” and you’re left with “chlor”

  5. Acids with “ide” anions • add “hydro” as a prefix of “chlor” • add “ic” as a suffix of “chlor” • add “acid” as a separate word • Shazam! “hydrochloric acid”

  6. Acids with “ite” anions • drop the suffix “ite” to leave the root word • add “ous” as a suffix • end with “acid” as a separate word

  7. Acids with “ite” anions • H2SO3 • anion is sulfite • drop “ite” and you’re left with “sulf”…S and P are special cases…

  8. Acids with “ite” anions • change what you’re left with to “sulfur” (or in P’s case, to “phosphor”) • add “ous” as a suffix • add “acid” as a separate word

  9. Acids with “ite” anions • Ooh, Ah…it’s “sulfurous acid”

  10. Acids with “ate” anions • drop the suffix “ate” to leave the root word • add “ic” as a suffix • end with “acid” as a separate word

  11. Acids with “ate” anions • H2SO4 • anion is sulfate • drop “ate” and you’re left with “sulf”…again, S and P are special cases…

  12. Acids with “ate” anions • change what you’re left with to “sulfur” (or in P’s case, to “phosphor”) • add “ic” as a suffix • add “acid” as a separate word

  13. Acids with “ate” anions • Wacka, Wacka!…it’s “sulfuric acid”

  14. Molecular Cpds • will always be made of nonmetals (consider B and Ga to have nonmetallic properties) • use those fun prefixes we use for hydrates • end in “ide”

  15. Molecular Prefixes • mono • di • tri • tetra • penta • hexa • hepta • octa • nona • deca

  16. Molecular Names • use prefixes on first element if there is a subscript • always use prefixes on second element

  17. Molecular Names • CO • It’s molecular because there is no metal in it. • There is only one carbon, and it is the first element in the cpd.

  18. Molecular Names • So, it does not get a prefix. • There is only one oxygen; so, its prefix is “mono” (which will be abbreviated to “mon” because O begins with an “o”)

  19. Molecular Names • add “ide” as a suffix to the root of the last element name • So, when we put them together… • carbon monoxide is the name

  20. Molecular Names • N2O4 • two nitrogen atoms • four oxygen atoms • hmmm….

  21. Molecular Names • dinitrogen tetroxide!!!!

  22. A Bit o’ Practice • HClO3(aq) • CS2 • PF3 • HCN (aq) • NO2 • H3PO3(aq) • BI3 • HIO4(aq) • P2O5 • H2C2O4(aq)

  23. A Bit o’ Practice • oxygen difluoride • hydrophosphoric acid • carbon tetrachloride • chlorous acid • chromic acid

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