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Introduction to WWII

Introduction to WWII. When?. 1939-1945 US involvement 1941-1945. 1939. 1941. 1945. Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany. Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War. May - Germans Surrender. Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender.

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Introduction to WWII

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  1. Introduction to WWII

  2. When? • 1939-1945 • US involvement 1941-1945 1939 1941 1945 Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War May - Germans Surrender Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)

  3. Who? Axis Allies Germany Great Britain Soviet Union Italy United States Japan France (note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

  4. Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

  5. Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Winston Churchill British Prime Minister

  6. Major Leaders Joseph Stalin Russian Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President

  7. Why? 1. Treaty of Versailles A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. War Reparations -Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. -Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) -Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilsonduring negotiations for the Treaty

  8. Why? 2. World-wide Depression A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders -Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems 1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

  9. Why? 2. World-wide Depression C.Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, homosexuals) -Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues

  10. Why? A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation • 3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Fascism: military government with based on racism & nationalism with strong support from the business community Totalitarianism Military Dictatorship (Japan)

  11. Why? • 4. Isolationism of Major Powers A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist? i. Great Depression (problems at home) ii. Perceptions of WWI -did not seem to solve much -people began to think that we’d got into WWI for the wrong reasons

  12. Why? • 4. Isolationism of Major Powers iii. Opposition to war (Pacifism) Kellogg-Briand pact - condemned war as a way to solving conflicts

  13. Why? B. This led to policies of “Appeasement” • 4. Isolationism of Major Powers i.Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else ii. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler . . .

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