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Wind Farm Siting

This presentation discusses a comprehensive approach to wind farm siting through Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We explore how MCE assesses various alternatives based on multiple factors, assesses factor scores and their weights, and ranks potential sites. By decomposing the complex siting decision into manageable components, we derive the relative importance of factors through pairwise comparisons. The method also integrates visibility calculations and uses advanced spatial analysis to identify optimal locations for wind farms, ensuring a systematic and efficient decision-making process.

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Wind Farm Siting

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  1. Wind Farm Siting Dennis Scanlin (Department of Technology) Xingong Li Chris Larson (Department of Geography & Planning) Appalachian State University

  2. Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) • Evaluates a number of alternatives in the light of multiple criteria / factors. • Factor scores of the alternatives • Factor weights • Relative importance of the factors • Ranking scores of the alternatives • Weighted combination of factors

  3. Organizes factors into a tree structure • Innate model of operation of human mind • Helps complex decisions by decomposing the problem Analytic Hierarchy Process • Determines factor weights • Difficult to determine factor weights (numbers) directly • Derives weights by comparing the relative importance between two factors

  4. AHP Factor Weights Determination • Factor relative importance pairwise comparison (9-point scale) • 1—equally importance • 3—moderately more importance • 5—strongly more importance • 7—very strongly more importance • 9—extremely more importance • The best weights fit into the pairwise comparisons.

  5. Spatial Analytical Hierarchy Process • Wind farm siting • Find the best wind farm sites based on siting factors • Alternatives • Location—infinite • Divide the space into squares/cells (200m * 200m) • Evaluate each cell based on the siting factors

  6. Preliminary Siting Factors • Accessibility to roads • Distance to primary roads • Distance to secondary roads • Distance to rural roads • Accessibility to transmission lines • Distance to 100K lines • Distance to 250K lines • Distance to above250K lines • Wind power (or wind speed) • Visibility • Viewshed size • # of people in viewshed

  7. Siting Steps • Factor generation • Distance calculation • Visibility calculation • Factor standardization (0 – 100) • Each factor is a map layer • Factor weights determination by AHP • Final score • Weighted combination of factors • Exclusion areas

  8. Factor Layers

  9. (Turbine: 50m; Observer: 1.5m; Visual distance: 20mi) Wind Turbine visibility--Viewshed

  10. Wind Turbine Viewshed Size • Red—505km2 • Greed--805km2 • Blue--365km2 • Software tool developed to calculate viewshed size for each cell

  11. Visibility Factor—Viewshed Size • Computational expensive • About 700,000 cells • Each cell requires 10 seconds • About 76 days • Parallel computing • 12 computers • Each computer runs two counties • About 55000 cells • 6 days • Succeed with 3000 cells but failed with 55,000 cells

  12. 2000 census block data Visibility Factor--# of People in Viewshed

  13. Final Score Layer

  14. Candidate Sites

  15. Exclusion Zones

  16. Sites

  17. Software Tools for Wind Farm Siting

  18. Software Tools for Wind Farm Siting

  19. Thanks! • Questions?

  20. ArcMap GIS AHP GIS Using AHP in GIS • AHP is implemented as a software component • AHP is integrated with ArcMap GIS(ESRI, Inc.) as an extension

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