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This European Commission report explores economic assessment and sustainable development, focusing on non-declining welfare, trade-offs, externalities, and the internalization of external costs in energy. It delves into valuing externalities, willingness to pay, methodology, understanding risks, public goods, and uncertainty in decision-making for policy effectiveness.
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Economic assessment and sustainable development Mark Hayden* External costs of energy and their internalisation in Europe: Dialogue with industry, NGO, and policy-makers December 9, 2005 * European Commission DG Economic and Financial Affairs
Economic assessment and sustainable development • Non-declining welfare • Flows of goods and services • Trade-offs • Externalities & external costs
The value of a statistical life • US: $6 million + • EU: €1 million • Why the difference?
Valuing externalities Willingness to pay Willingness to accept Externalities Avoided damage Hedonic pricing
Methodology • Willingness to pay – for what? • Public understanding of risk & probability • 5 in 1000 or 10 in 1000 • “Anchoring” • Public goods/free riding • Mean or median?
Uncertainty • Physical impacts • Values of impacts • Costs • Policy effectiveness • How can we communicate this to decision makers?