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Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin . Sam Goetz. EPO increases a persons red blood cell count An increase in red blood cells allows more oxygen to get carried through the body Homeostatic is the process in which the body releases EPO until we receive enough , then shuts off. Naturally Produced EPO .

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Erythropoietin

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  1. Erythropoietin Sam Goetz

  2. EPO increases a persons red blood cell count • An increase in red blood cells allows more oxygen to get carried through the body • Homeostatic is the process in which the body releases EPO until we receive enough, then shuts off.

  3. Naturally Produced EPO • EPO is released naturally by bone marrow when the kidneys say we need more oxygen • People suffering from anemia, cancer, or kidney failure are not able to produce EPO naturally • In order to help those who are sick, a synthetic version of EPO was produced in the mid 1900’s.

  4. The Drug EPO • EPO increases the hematocrit levels (volume percentage of red blood cells) • It can increase the HCT levels by 10-15 points • Men typically have levels around 45-55. EPO can increase them to 60+

  5. Types of EPO

  6. Sports and EPO • EPO is commonly abused by endurance athletes • Sports including cycling, swimming, and long distance running are the most popular EPO users • The increase in red blood cells leads to the increase in oxygen carried to the muscles, allowing athletes to preform at a higher level then they ever could naturally

  7. Cycling and EPO • EPO became very popular in the cycling world during the 1970’s and continued to increase for the next 30 years • EPO is and always has been considered a banned substance by USADA, so athletes had to keep their doping a secret • However because there was not a drug test developed until 2000, it was abused by riders all over the world

  8. Cycling and EPO • They kept vials of EPO’s stashed in thermoses, blood bags for transfusions, and other drugs hidden on busses to use during competition • Athletes and coaches had doping routines, but when the test was developed, they had to quickly change them

  9. Beating the System • Riders learned that if they kept their HTC levels below 50, they would not be questioned. • Sleeping in altitude tents allowed them to naturally raise EPO levels, so when they were on the drug their numbers would seem more “normal” • If caught off guard by a drug test, riders would take saline to lower levels HTC levels quickly

  10. Beating the System • Another method used by riders was to take less EPO but preform more blood transfusions (which were also illegal) • Additional methods included using a IV drop of chilled glucose or bleeding out an athlete in extreme circumstances, however they did not always prove successful

  11. Dangers of EPO • If EPO is not taken properly, the increase in red blood cells can make the blood too thick • This often leads to blood clots because the blood is too thick to pump throughout the body • Other serious dangers associated with EPO include heart attack and stroke

  12. Dangers of EPO • Over 20 cyclists alone have lost their lives because of a dramatically low heart rate due to taking EPO • Many who regularly take EPO wear heart rate monitors during the night to alert them if their rate drops too low

  13. Consequences of Getting Caught • If an athlete is caught with EPO in their system, they can face: • Disqualification • Forfeiture of medals, points, or prizes • Team disqualification • Ineligibility period • Public announcement of offences • Having your name and offense listed on USADA’s website indefinitely

  14. Work Cited (1)"Anti-Doping Rule Violations." U.S. Anti-Doping Agency - USADA. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. (2) Begley, Sharon, et al. “The Real Scandal. (Cover Story). Newsweek 133.7 (1999): 48. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. (3) Burch, Druin. “Blood Sports.” Natural History 119.6 (2011): 14. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. (4) Harmon, Dave, and Suzanne Halliburton. “Cycling Team Describes Doping Culture, Team Expert at Fooling Testers, Cyclists Describe Doping Culture within U.S. Postal Team During Armstrong’s Record Run.” Austin American Statesman. Nov 18 2012. Proquest. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. (5) Shermer, Michael. “The Doping Dilemma.” Scientific American 298.4 (2008): 82-89. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. (6) Sullivan, Robert, and Sora Song. “Are Drugs winning THE GAMES?.” Time 156.11 (2000):90. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. (7) "Symptoms And Side Effects - Red Blood Cell Growth Factors: Erythropoietin." MMRF. Ed. Heinz Ludwig. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.

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