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Researching Racial Profiling in the United States and Missouri

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Researching Racial Profiling in the United States and Missouri

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    1. Researching Racial Profiling in the United States and Missouri By Shariece Canady

    2. Where do I Start? Secondary Sources are the best starting point!!! Books Articles Websites

    3. Books on Racial Profiling Steven Holbert & Lisa Rose, The Color of Guilt and Innocence: Racial Profiling and Police Practices in America. (Page Marque Press 2004). This book provides several key facts about racial profiling in general: History of the original criminal profile Fourth Amendment Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996)

    4. History of the Original Criminal Profile Created by Howard Teten Chief of Research for the FBI Studied evidence left at crime scenes and created a criminal profile. Some law enforcement officials began using Teten’s tactics to profile alleged criminals based on race.

    5. Fourth Amendment “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.”

    6. Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996) United States Supreme Court Decision Held that a law enforcement officer’s subjective intent for stopping motorists does not violate the Fourth Amendment if the stop is warranted by sufficient probable cause to prove that the traffic violation has occurred.

    7. State Legislation After the Court’s decision in Whren, many states began passing legislation prohibiting racial profiling.

    8. What states have enacted racial profiling statutes? To determine which states have enacted racial profiling legislation, go to: Racial Profiling Data Collection Center at Northeastern University, at http://www. racialprofilinganalysis.neu.edu What information can be found at this website???

    9. Racial Profiling Data Collection Resource Center Data Collection Racial Profiling Legislation How can racial profiling be eliminated?

    10. Missouri Statutes Racial Profiling Statutes: Mo. Rev. Stat. § § 590.650, 590.050, 590.653

    11. Missouri Statutes § 590.650—Racial Profiling Statute Data collection required. Data reviewed by attorney general who creates a report. §590.050—Continuing Education Law enforcement officials must participate in annual diversity training. §590.653—Civilian Review Board Every county can create a “civilian review board.”

    12. Where can I find the Attorney General’s Annual Report? Missouri Attorney General’s website: http://www.ago.mo.gov Report contains “Vehicle Stops” Reports Report compares percentage of whites stopped on the road with percentage of racial minorities stopped.

    13. Have the Racial Profiling Statutes worked? Year 2000 African-Americans =10.4% of population Caucasian Americans= 86.4% of population African-Americans were 1.3 times more likely to be stopped and 1.7 times more likely to be searched than whites. Year 2006 African-Americans = 10.9% of population Caucasian Americans = 84.11% of population African-Americans were 1.90 times more liklely to be searched than whites.

    14. Other Resources Available American Civil Liberties Union www.aclu.org www.aclu-em.org www.aclukswmo.org

    15. Still More Resources… National Association for the Advancement of Colored People http://www.naacp.org Law Review Articles David A. Harris, The Stories, the Statistics, and the Law: Why Driving While Black Matters. 84 Minn. L. Rev. 265 (1999).

    16. Thanks for Listening!!! Any Questions???

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