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Air Power in Amphibious Operations

Air Power in Amphibious Operations. CAPT Don Inbody, USN. My Agenda. Where we are now Why we are where we are now Where we have been Where we could be. Where We Are. Fire Support Agencies Air Support Coordinating Agencies. Fire Support Agencies.

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Air Power in Amphibious Operations

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  1. Air Power in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN

  2. My Agenda • Where we are now • Why we are where we are now • Where we have been • Where we could be

  3. Where We Are • Fire Support Agencies • Air Support Coordinating Agencies

  4. Fire Support Agencies • Supporting Arms Coordination Center (SACC) Navy • Fire Support Coordination Center (FSCC) Marine Corps • Fire Support Elements (FSE) Army • Air Support Operations Center (ASOC) Air Force

  5. Coordinating Agencies • Navy - - TACC (afloat) • Marine Corps - - TACC (ashore) • Army - - BCE at Army level • Air Force - - TACC See Joint Pub 3-02.1 for details of operations.

  6. SACC/FSCC • Naval Surface Fires • Ground Artillery Fires • Close Air Support • Fixed Wing • Rotary Wing

  7. TACC (ashore/afloat) • Control of all air movement within Amphibious Operations Area (AOA) • Control of all ATF air movement within HIDACZ

  8. Control Shift • CATF to CLF • SACC to FSCC • TACC (afloat) to TACC (ashore)

  9. Why We Are Where We Are • World War II experience • Army - Navy - Army Air Force • Marine Corps - Navy

  10. The Three Cultures • Mediterranean (ETO/Med) • South West Pacific Area (SWPA) • Central Pacific (CentPac)

  11. JFACC Airplanes Air control combined with provision of fires SACC/TACC Airplanes Artillery Naval Surface Fires Air control separate from fires provision Resource Control

  12. ETO/Med • General Spaatz • Land Based Air Force (North Africa) • Strategic and Tactical Mission • Pre-planned air strikes • Poor Close Air Support early, better later

  13. SWPA • General Kenney • Land Based Air Force • No Strategic Mission • Some CV support (never coordinated with land based air) • Pre-planned air strikes • Close Air Support poor at first, better later • USAAF forward observer/controllers

  14. CentPac • Admiral Spruance • CV Based Air Force • No strategic mission • Pre-planned air strikes from large CVs • CAS from small CVs • generally good • USMC or Army Forward observer/controllers • Air closely coordinated with Arty and NSF

  15. “You can get your planes to do anything you want, but we can’t get the Air Force to do a goddam thing!” Gen. Patton to VADM Hewitt July 1943

  16. Guadalcanal • Arguably the first Joint Air Force • “Cactus Air Force” • Land Based (Henderson Field) • Brig. Gen. Roy Geiger, USMC • Army • Navy • Marine Corps

  17. Sicily • Cooperation • Air/CV Support • Airborne movements not coordinated

  18. Salerno • CV Air Support (cooperative) • Land Base Air Support (still problematic, but better)

  19. New Guinea Campaign • CVs providing supporting air (Hollandia)

  20. Leyte • CVs providing supporting air • problematic

  21. Lessons Learned • From Ground Perspective • CAS is good • FACs are needed • SACC/TACC requirement • CV Supporting Air works • if orders explicit

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