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1. Introduction

1. Introduction. 2. Fact or Fiction?. 3. A Healthy Time . 4. Brain Development. 5. Children with Special Needs. 6. Closing Thoughts. Introduction. [Video: Middle Childhood Physical Development Introduction]. Physical Development. Fact or Fiction?. Fiction. Fact.

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1. Introduction

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  1. 1. Introduction 2. Fact or Fiction? 3. A Healthy Time 4. Brain Development 5. Children with Special Needs 6. Closing Thoughts

  2. Introduction [Video: Middle Childhood Physical Development Introduction]

  3. Physical Development Fact or Fiction? Fiction Fact 1. The best way to get children to lose weight is to increase their physical activity. 2. Intellectual potential does not change over the life span. 3. The crucial factor in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is neurological, a brain deficit that results in great difficulty in sustaining concentration. 4. The diagnosis of a child with special needs depends on the child’s social context.

  4. middle childhood: The period between early childhood and adolescence, approximately ages 6 to 11. Size and Shape Compared to other ages, how hardy are children ages 6 to 11? U.S. Annual Death Rates 1.00 Number of deaths, per 1,000 individuals .50 .20 Age (years) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 70 60 50 Number of deaths, per 1,000 individuals 40 30 20 10 Age (years) 0 10-14 40-44 5-9 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+

  5. Physical Activity The Benefits and Hazards of Physical Activity During Middle Childhood Loss of self-esteem as a result of criticism from teammates or classmates Injuries Reinforcement of prejudices (especially against the other sex) Increased stress Better overall health Less obesity Appreciation of cooperation and fair play Improved problem-solving abilities Respect for teammates and opponents of many ethnicities and nationalities Hazards Benefits

  6. Physical Activity [Video: A Journey Through Middle Childhood]

  7. obesity: In a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile. overweight: In a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile. BMI (body mass index): A person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Food Marketing Pressure What kinds of TV commercials by food categories do children watch? Children’s Exposure to TV Commercials by Food Category, Selected Countries Number of commercials per 20 hours of children’s programming 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Breakfast cereals Sweets 10 Fast-foodrestaurants 0 United Kingdom United States Australia Denmark France Germany Greece Source: Lobstein & Dibb, 2005

  8. Childhood Obesity [Video: Childhood Obesity: Experts on Overweight Children]

  9. Advances in Brain Function reaction time: The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically (with a reflexive movement such as an eye blink) or cognitively (with a thought). Yeah! How does reaction time change from early to middle childhood? Ah...

  10. Advances in Brain Function [Video: Brain Development Animation: The Process of Myelination]

  11. Measuring the Mind aptitude: The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge. IQ test: A test designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school. What is a theoretical distribution of IQ scores? Theoretical Distribution of IQ Scores Average Slow learner Superior Mild retardation Moderate to severe retardation Gifted 68.26% Genius 0.14% 0.14% 13.6% 13.6% 2.13% 2.13% 40 55 70 85 100 115 130 145 160

  12. Measuring the Mind [Video: A Journey Through Middle Childhood: Clip C]

  13. Developmental Psychopathology Four Principles about Developmental Psychopathology Life may be better or worse in adulthood Diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context Developmental Psychopathology Abnormality is normal Disability changes year by year developmental psychopathology: The field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders, and vice versa.

  14. Developmental Psychopathology What are some disorders that school-age children experience? ADHD (attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder): A condition in which a person not only has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments but also is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive. autistic spectrum disorder: Any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communications, and unusual play. dyslexia: Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.

  15. Educating Children with Special Needs What kinds of special education needs does the United States address? *Based on evaluation by U.S. public school professionals. **Numbers in parentheses are percentages of all public school children. ***Limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic health problems, such as asthma, sickle-cell anemia, and diabetes. Source: Snyder & Dillow (2010)

  16. Closing Thoughts How do bodies change during this middle childhood, and what problems can develop in how those bodies function?

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