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“The pale blue dot” …. Earth from the Voyager spacecraft, > 4 billion miles away

“The pale blue dot” …. Earth from the Voyager spacecraft, > 4 billion miles away http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=2148. http://www.solstation.com/stars/earth.htm. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html. http://www.thew2o.net/#.

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“The pale blue dot” …. Earth from the Voyager spacecraft, > 4 billion miles away

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  1. “The pale blue dot” …. Earth from the Voyager spacecraft, > 4 billion miles away http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=2148

  2. http://www.solstation.com/stars/earth.htm http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html

  3. http://www.thew2o.net/#

  4. http://www.misterteacher.com/rainforestwebquest.html

  5. http://www.misterteacher.com/rainforestwebquest.html

  6. http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/BioOceanography/Lectures/LecPhysicalOcean/LecPhysicalOcean.htmlhttp://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/BioOceanography/Lectures/LecPhysicalOcean/LecPhysicalOcean.html

  7. Earth History 4.5 million to present (1/1000th of earth history) 2.3-2.0 bya: Oxygen 0.9 bya: first animals 1.8 bya: first eukaryote 0.5 bya: Cambrian 0.24 bya:Mesozoic 0.065 bya:Cenozoic 4.0 bya: Oldest Rocks 3.4 bya: Oldest Fossils 4.5 bya: Earth Forms

  8. All genera “well described” genera The “big five” Mass Extinction Events Thousands of Genera Millions of Years Ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phanerozoic_biodiversity_blank_01.png

  9. Permian mass extinction: 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species (% of Genera)

  10. WHY?

  11. WHY?

  12. WHY?

  13. WHY?

  14. WHY?

  15. http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/

  16. ecological collapse Almost all animals over 25kg (~55 lbs) went extinct. (The things that require the most energy to survive) http://we.vub.ac.be/~dglg/Web/Claeys/Chicxulub/Chixproject.html

  17. BIODIVERSITY NOW http://www.coral.org/node/3230

  18. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2006) http://englishontour.blogspot.com/2011/03/beetles.html

  19. http://www.illuminatedorigin.com/The_Illuminated_Origin_of_Species/Blog/Entries/2011/9/22_Beetles!.htmlhttp://www.illuminatedorigin.com/The_Illuminated_Origin_of_Species/Blog/Entries/2011/9/22_Beetles!.html Detritivores Pollinators Insect predators Herbivores http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/jcabbott/abbottlab/

  20. http://www.dendroboard.com/forum/photography/42636-incredible-costa-rican-euglossine-bees.htmlhttp://www.dendroboard.com/forum/photography/42636-incredible-costa-rican-euglossine-bees.html Pollinators Insect Parasitoids (lay eggs on other insects) Insect Predators

  21. http://magicbelles.com/flutterbudclub/special-wonders/beetleshttp://magicbelles.com/flutterbudclub/special-wonders/beetles Jewel Bug Herbivores Pollinators Parasites Detritivores Malagasy Sunset Butterfly http://buggirl.tumblr.com/post/12568644622/bugs-that-break-the-rules-the-madagascar-sunset http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_flies/images/PWC_8410.jpg

  22. Herbivores Detritivores http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Africa/South_Africa/West/Eastern_Cape/Kob_Inn/photo915391.htm

  23. http://www.flowersociety.org/Redwood-profile.htm PRODUCERS http://www.paulsanghera.com/infonential-Contact.html

  24. Most vertebrate species are fishes http://www.elp.manchester.ac.uk/pub_projects/2003/MNZO0MLK/lecture1.htm

  25. http://ambergriscaye.com/critters/redeyedtreefrog.html http://australian-animals.net/plat.htm http://freakz.info/2011/09/21/10-interesting-seahorse-facts/ http://www.pbase.com/image/37557333 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Blue_Whale Herbivores, Predators, Detritivores, Pollinators http://www.hodag.info/what%E2%80%99s-going-on-here-then-100

  26. But do we NEED all these species??

  27. There’s a lot of redundancy in nature… http://katherinegerdes.com/portfolio/11/rainy-day-jewels

  28. Are all species equally important? If not, which ones are critical?

  29. with without

  30. We don’t know which species are critical So we need to save them all to maintain ecosystem function

  31. But what does biodiversity do??

  32. 1) Biodiversity increases “productivity” ... FOOD

  33. Monoculture They all need the same things at the same concentrations; they compete.

  34. “Niche Complementarity” Monoculture Polyculture They all need the same things at the same concentrations; they compete. Combinations of different plants can be planted at higher density, and they use different "niches" and coexist. Even if abundance of "most productive" species drops, this loss can be offset.

  35. “Positive Effects” Monoculture Polyculture without beans with beans They all need the same things at the same concentrations; they compete. Nitrogen fixing legumes (beans) nutrify the soil, increasing the growth of other plants. And you have beans!

  36. 2) Biodiversity improves ecosystem services

  37. 3) Aesthetics and Inspiration: Biodiversity enriches our cultures

  38. 3) Aesthetics and Inspiration: Biodiversity enriches our cultures

  39. How is our biodiversity doing? Genetic diversity within species Species diversity in communities Ecosystem diversity

  40. How is our biodiversity doing? Humans used hundreds of crop species worldwide; now 3 species (rice, wheat, corn) provide 60% of our calories from crop plants. According to the FAO of the UN, 70% of the genetic diversity of crop plants has been lost in the last 75 years as we’ve shifted to industrial farming and the use of GM strains.

  41. How is our biodiversity doing? 2000 Pacific Island bird species (15% of global total) have gone extinct after human colonization 20 of the 297 mussel species in N.A. have gone extinct in the last 100 years; 60% are endangered 40 of 950 fish species in N. A. have gone extinct in the last century; 35% are threatened or endangered http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-real-biodiversity-crisis/1 Yellow-finned cutthroat trout http://www.fishdecoys.net/pages/LDC_Collection/BenzieJoDecoys.htm http://www.nps.gov/sacn/planyourvisit/st-croix-currents.htm?customel_dataPageID_206517=289024

  42. How is our biodiversity doing? 1 in 4 mammal species is endangered 1 in 8 bird species is endangered 1 in 3 amphibian species is endangered 48% of primate species are threatened Data from: http://iucn.org/what/tpas/biodiversity/

  43. How is our biodiversity doing? 35% of mangrove habitat has been lost in the last 20 years In the Caribbean, hard coral cover has declined from 50% to 10% in the last 20 years Since 2000, 232,000 sq miles of old growth forest have been lost (size of Texas).

  44. WHY?

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