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Middle ages

Middle ages. Historical background Cultural background: Architecture Literature Fashion Art Science Music. Vocabulary. Circumstance Okolnost Migration period Stěhování národů Hurdy-gurdy Niněra (Flašinet) Mediterranean Středozemní moře Literacy Gramotnost

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Middle ages

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  1. Middle ages • Historical background • Cultural background: • Architecture • Literature • Fashion • Art • Science • Music

  2. Vocabulary • Circumstance Okolnost • Migration period Stěhování národů • Hurdy-gurdy Niněra (Flašinet) • Mediterranean Středozemní moře • Literacy Gramotnost • Pointed arch Lomený oblouk • Vault Klenba • Secular Světský • Crusades Křížové výpravy • Famine Hladomor

  3. History • 5th – 15th century • After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD • Until Christopher Columbus's voyage to America in 1492 • Followed by Renaissance

  4. Division

  5. Early Middle Ages (476-1000) • Fall of the Western Roman Empire • Migration period • Political changes • Feudalism • Christianity • Romanesque architecture

  6. High Middle Ages (1000-1300) • Powerful chuch • Explosion in population • Urbanization • Universities (Oxford, Cambridge) • Agricultural progress • Formation of kingdoms (England, France, German, Poland ) • Crusades

  7. Late Middle Ages (1300-1453) • Crowded towns • Climate change (effected agriculture) • Great Famine (1315-1317) • The Black Death (mid.14th cent.) • Hundered Years´ War (1337-1453) • Followed by Renaissance

  8. Medieval inventions • Cannon • Artesian wells • Compass • Spectacles (Glasses) • Spread of gunpowder and silk • Improvements of ships and clock • 1450 Printing press (Johaness Gutenberg)

  9. Romanesque 10 - 12th cent. Gothic 12th cent. Architecture

  10. Medieval architecture • Churches • Walled castles • Massive stone walls • Openings topped by semi-circular arches (cupola [kju:pola]) • Small windows • Arched stone vaults • Pointed arch

  11. Literature • Christianity = religious • Legends = secular • Latin, Greek

  12. Literature • The Book of Kells • Beowulf (English) • Nibelungenlied (German) • Chanson de Roland (French) • Legenda o sv.Kateřině • The Cantenbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer) • Decameron (Giovanni Boccaccio) • The Divine Comedy (Dante Alighieri) • The travels of Marco Polo

  13. Art • Illuminated manuscripts • Mosaics • Sculptures • Jewelry • Frescos

  14. Fashion

  15. Music • Church service, mass • Work • Entertainment • Gregorian chant • Liturgical drama – the lives of saints, Gospel • Secular songs - troubadours , trouvères, minnesingers • Topics: war, love, chivalry • Until High Middle Ages mostly improvisation • Anonymous • Music spread orally

  16. Music • Homophony 600-850 • Polyphony 900-today • Early Organum 850-1100 • Notra Dame 1150-1250 • Ars Antiqua 1250-1320 • Ars Nova 1320-1380

  17. Music • Early Organum 850-1100 • Strict (paralel moove in fourth or fifth) • Free • Melismatic (not only note against note) • Forms: Discantus, Organum • Notre Dame 1150-1250 • Forms: Organum, Motet, Conductus • Leontinus, Perotinus • Ars Antiqua 1250-1320 • Forms: Motet, Conductus, Rondelus • Development of notation • Ars Nova 1320-1380 • Forms: Conductus, Motet, Canon • Guillaume de Machaut, Philippe de Vitry

  18. Music theory Scales • 4 authentic scales (Dorian, Frygian, Lydian, Mixolydian) • 4 plagal scales (on 4th step – Hypodorian, hypofrygian, hypolydian, hypomixolydian) • Major, minor - troubadours • Notation - neumes

  19. Wind Flute Recorder Medieval Organ String plucked Lute Mandola Gittern Psaltery Hurdy-gurdy Dulcimer Zither Harp String bowed Byzantine lyra Fiddle Rubeba (violin) Instruments

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