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Mars

Mars. Andrew Cura & Kevin Santiago. Basic Facts on Mars!. The Formation of Mars.

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Mars

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  1. Mars Andrew Cura & Kevin Santiago

  2. Basic Facts on Mars!

  3. The Formation of Mars • After the super massive star exploded that created our solar system, dust became sand, pebbles, rocks, asteroids, and eventually planetoids. This is how the planets are believed to have formed, so we believe mars to be the same • Mars at this time still had a molten core therefore still had its atmosphere • Some astronomers believe that Mars is so small because of the sheer size of Jupiter, which may be the reason why tis is not a planet between Mars and Jupiter instead of the asteriod belt

  4. History of Mars • Mars formed at around the same time as all the other planets in the solar system between 4.6 – 5 billion years ago • Mars is quite bright in the night sky, therefore it is hard to say who exactly discovered Mars • The presence of Mars in the night sky was recorded by Ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian astronomers • 356 or 357 BC:  Aristotle observed Mars passing behind the Moon which convinced him that the moon was closer to us then Mars was • 1609: Galileo Galilei makes the first telescope observation of Mars. • 1659: Christiaan Huygens made the first useful sketch of Martian surface features. • 1666: Giovanni Cassini concludes that mars has an rotational peroid of 24 hours and 40 minutes • 1783: William Herschel confirms Cassini’s suspicions that Mars has seasons • 1877: Asaph Hall had been searching for Martian moons, but he found nothing.  He almost gave up, but his wife insisted he keep trying.  Soon, Hall was rewarded with two small moons, which were given the names Deimos and Phobos.

  5. Martian Moons • Mars has two moons which are believed to be captured asteroids named Deimos and Phobos. • They were named after the Greek God Ares’ children who accompanied their father into battle. Ares was known as Mars to the Romans • They travel in opposite directions around Mars and eventually Phobos will be broken apart by the tidal forces pulling it closer to Mars every year • It takes 2.7 days for Deimos to rise in the east and set in the west of Mars • It takess 11 hours for Phobos to rise in the west and set in the east of Mars • They were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall • The most recent survey of Mars have yet to discover an other moons

  6. Mars vs Earth

  7. There is no place on earth that is like the extreme cold and barrenness of Mars but some places that help us understand them are: • Death Valley, California, where Ubehebe crater and "Mars Hill" have geologic features similar to those on Mars • Mono Lake, California, which is a 700,000-year-old evaporative lake that compares to Gusev Crater, a basin on Mars where water once was likely • Permafrost in Siberia, Alaska and Antarctica, where subsurface water-ice and small life forms exist • Volcanoes in Hawaii, which are like those on Mars, though much smaller

  8. The Martian Surface • Mars’ southern hemisphere is a crater filled area with over 43,000 craters that are over 5km in diameter • Mars’ northern hemisphere is a flat barren desert like area • Mars appears to have had oceans, lakes and rivers at one point • Mars has the highest Peak in our solar system standing at over 21km into the martian sky, it is almost three times larger than Mount Everest

  9. The Martian Atmosphere • 95.32% carbon dioxide2.7% nitrogen1.6% argon0.13% oxygen0.08% carbon monoxide

  10. Life on Mars? • For centuries humans have wondered about the possiblities of life on Mars and if there was ever life on Mars. • If Mars’ core was still molten, the possibilty of life on mars would be great as Mars at one point did have water, oxygen, carbon, Hydrogen, and other elements needed for life • Astronomers believe life can still survive on Mars today but only 6 meter below the surface or lower but the chance of this are significantly lower is NASA fails to find underground water on Mars using Reconnaissance Orbiter

  11. Missions to Mars • Over the years NASA, ESA, Japan, and Soviets have launched many missions to Mars, most were declared failures but others were also very successful and are still operational today. • The current price of sending equipment to mars is $309,000 US per kilogram and 2 / 3 missions to mars have failed • The current missions are Odyssey, Spirit, Oppourtunity, Express, and Reconnaissance Orbiter • NASA aims to land a man on Mars by 2037 and the ESA aims to land a man Mars between 2030 and 2035 • Mission into space now are about to get rarer because of a lack of governement funding because of the econmic uncertainty

  12. Websites • http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm • http://www.umich.edu/~lowbrows/reflections/2001/dsnyder.7.html • http://www.universetoday.com/14833/mars-formation/ • http://www.universetoday.com/793/mars-express-sees-waters-history-on-the-red-planet/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Mars • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars#Impact_topography • http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/

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