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KM 3 Ne utrino T elescope European deep-sea research infrastructure

KM 3 Ne utrino T elescope European deep-sea research infrastructure. DANS – symposium Maarten de Jong. Astro -Particle Physics. space travel. astronomy. cosmic rays. bending. travel time. absorption. p. n. g. Energy spectrum of cosmic rays. plateau. 1.5 eV =.

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KM 3 Ne utrino T elescope European deep-sea research infrastructure

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  1. KM3 Neutrino TelescopeEuropean deep-sea research infrastructure DANS – symposium Maarten de Jong

  2. Astro-Particle Physics space travel astronomy cosmic rays bending travel time absorption p n g

  3. Energy spectrum of cosmic rays plateau 1.5 eV = 1 per m2 / second flux [(m2 sr s GeV)-1] 1027 1 m 1 per km2 / year LHC 1010 1020 1010 E [eV/particle] 1 kg

  4. Cosmic particle accelerator? V V~ 20000 km/s SN1993J – M81 interstellar matter time charged particle radio images April 1993 – June 1998

  5. Which particles? electrons protons p Synchroton radiation e N p p inverse Compton scattering e nm m muons neutrinos cosmic rays astronomy

  6. ambient light nm p+ g p0 D+ p n p • Neutrino telescope: • origin cosmic rays • creation & composition of relativistic jets • mechanism of cosmic acceleration black hole

  7. Neutrino astronomy “CERN in the sky”

  8. 1960 Markov’s idea: Use sea water as target/detector • range of muon • detect Cherenkov light • transparency of water

  9. How? wavefront neutrino muon 1 2 3 4 5 ~100 m interaction ~few km muon travels with speed of light (300,000 km/s) →ns – km

  10. Antares prototype completed May 2008 22 M€

  11. “All-data-to-shore” concept time → optical background ~ 100 kHz 1 GB/s position → 2 ms 100 ms data filter 1 Mb/s track ~5 neutrinos / day offline reconstruction determination of muon direction

  12. Neutrinos? neutrinos! rate [Hz] q muon d(q ) Earth cos q

  13. 2 May 2008 3:29

  14. 30 March 2008 11:10

  15. Neutrino sky map part of sky invisible to Antares PSF 2° Limits on neutrino fluxes, world’s best for some specific sources.

  16. KM3NeT Next generation neutrino telescope 200 ‒ 250 M€

  17. Architecture filtered data light detection analysis ≥ 2.5 km 100 km > 1000 km neutrino detector shore station data transmission start stop > 1000 km data filter operation

  18. Optical module 31 x 3” PMT concentrator ring increase of photocathode area by 20‒40%

  19. Storey Frame Mechanical cable storage Data cable storage Mechanical cable connection 6 m Optical module Mechanical holder 1 Digital Optical Module = Dom 2 Dom’s on 1 bar = Dom-bar 20 Dom-bar’s on 1 tower = Dom tower

  20. Earth & Sea sciences short lived (rare) events dominate deep-sea life permanent observatory France Temperature Bioluminescence sudden Eddie currents food supply time profile observatory

  21. KM3NeT deep-sea infrastructure • 10 km3 • > 400,000 PMTs, hydrophones, ACDP, seismometers, etc. • < 100 kW, 100 GB/s • two main electro-optical cables • 100 km, DC, 1 cupper conductor + sea return • network • passive, point-to-point optical fiber with amplification • new Ethernet standard • Precision-Time-Protocol (”White Rabbit”) • operation • 24h/day, 365 days/year • 10 years without maintenance

  22. signal / noise 10 kHz x 400,000 = 4 GHz 310 kHz x 13,000 = 4 GHz 0.5 kHz x 1 = 500 Hz neutrinos 10-3 Hz point source 10-7 Hz

  23. data flow CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU time off-shore on shore Ethernet switch data filter data filter data filter

  24. data flow CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU time off-shore on shore Ethernet switch data filter data filter data filter

  25. data flow CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU time off-shore on shore Ethernet switch data filter data filter data filter

  26. Data issues • operation of infrastructure • real-time computing • computer farm (‘Tier 0’) • control data, QA/QC information, etc. • database (Oracle) • offline analysis • distributed data processing • Grid/batch computing • Monte Carlo simulations • photon tracking CPU intensive • GPU (80 x faster than CPU) • data analyses • ROOT • histograms, n-tuples, trees, introspection, etc. • high performance I/O

  27. Summary & outlook • Neutrino astronomy is an emerging field at the intersection of particle physics and traditional astronomy • several neutrino detectors operational world wide, in Europe, Antares prototype completed in 2008 • Deep-sea is actively explored for large research infrastructures • construction of KM3NeT is planned for the coming years • synergy between different sciences • interesting data challenges

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