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Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina

Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina. INTI - Unión Europea SEGEMAR - INTEMIN Taller. Implicaciones ambientales de la extracción de rocas y minerales no metalíferos 5-Presentación de resultados. Dr. J.L. Fernández Turiel Buenos Aires, 22-24 de agosto de 2005.

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Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina

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  1. Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea SEGEMAR - INTEMIN Taller

  2. Implicaciones ambientales de la extracción de rocas y minerales no metalíferos5-Presentación de resultados Dr. J.L. Fernández Turiel Buenos Aires, 22-24 de agosto de 2005

  3. ASTERISMOS PROJECT AS PONTES ASTERISMOS PROJECT

  4. AS PONTES COAL MINE

  5. AS PONTES COAL MINE B Timing • 1956 (start) • 1984 • 1991 • 1997 • 2010 (end) A Area A: As Pontes mine (10 %) - 13 km x 7 km Area B: Regional setting - 36 km x 26 km

  6. Time of Mine Life Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) RESTORATION PLANNING AND MONITORING PCALC DSS Restoration Maps (Annual Working Plans) Restoration Map (Final) Land use - Land cover Regional Setting Land use - Land cover Mine Area SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION

  7. REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY DSS REGIONAL SETTING VEGETATION PATTERN classification PCALC MINE AREA RESTORATION EVOLUTION multitemporal change detection

  8. CRITERIA general legislation and economy specific geology, land use/cover, relief pattern, transport distance, ... ASTERISMOS PROJECT RESTORATION ASSESSMENT DSS GIS REMOTE SENSING

  9. AS PONTES RESTORATION A flat area B terrace slope B hole Slope criteria A

  10. LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 5 10 km LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES - 1984 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

  11. LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 5 10 km LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES - 1991 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 11/08/1991 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

  12. LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 5 10 km LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES - 1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 05/04/1997 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

  13. LAND USE (Ha) 1984 1991 1997 Pasture and crops 28359.8 26870.9 24920.8 Shrubland 11289.1 25765.2 35874.8 Deciduous forest 26397.6 21769.4 16656.4 Perennial forest 20948.2 17337.5 14481.6 Unvegetated 476.4 524.2 546.9 Water 681.3 617.5 697.2 Burnt area 5691.4 959.1 666.1 Total 93843.8 93843.8 93843.8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES

  14. MINE OPEN PIT slope DUMP final filling < 2.5o < 2.5-16o < 16o FOREST diversity DECIDUOUS FOREST PERENNIAL FOREST LAKE GRASSLAND SHRUBLAND AGRICULTURE FORESTRY land use NATURAL PARK

  15. DSS RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

  16. Grassland Shrubland Forest Buildings Water DSS RESTORATION MAP – BASE CASE AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

  17. Grassland Shrubland Forest Buildings Water TRADITIONAL FINAL RESTORATION PLAN AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

  18. ENDESA (Ha) DSS (Ha) 295 475 Grassland 648 621 Forest 140 27 Shrubland 892 851 Water 1974 1974 Total TRADITIONAL AND DSS FINAL RESTORATION MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

  19. Tasks Traditional ground-based surveys ASTERISMOS DSS 1. Criteria and measures definition 3 person /month 2200 € (satellite imagery) 2 person /month 2. Final DEM a) Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey (existing terrane) 9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m 4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m b) Planned new areas (future terrane) 2 p/m 2 p/m 3. DSS construction 1 p/m 4. Restoration (land use) map evaluation 1 p/m 0.25 p/m TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m 6300 € + 5.35 p/m  30 % +  25 % COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

  20. REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY DSS REGIONAL SETTING VEGETATION PATTERN classification PCALC MINE AREA RESTORATION EVOLUTION multitemporal change detection

  21. 1956 extrapolated 1984 classification classification 1991 1956-1984 classification restoration map 1997 1984-1991 classification restoration map 1991-1997 restoration map 1984-1997 restoration map MULTITEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION

  22. LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 1 2 km LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE - 1984 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

  23. LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 1 2 km LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE - 1991 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 11/08/1991 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

  24. LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 1 2 km LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE - 1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 05/04/1997 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification

  25. POST-CLASSIFICATION AUTOMATIC LOGICAL COMPARISON MATRIX

  26. LEGEND CHANGE (C) C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1956 - 1984 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 (100 % veg. 1956) - 08/09/1984 Post classification automatic logical comparison

  27. LEGEND CHANGE (C) C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 and 11/08/1991 Post classification automatic logical comparison

  28. LEGEND CHANGE (C) C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1991-1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 11/08/1991 and 05/04/1997 Post classification automatic logical comparison

  29. LEGEND CHANGE (C) C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1984-1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 and 05/04/1997 Post classification automatic logical comparison

  30. N 0 1 2 km EVOLUTION OF MINING ACTIVITY AS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991 - 1997 LEGEND Affected area in 1984 Affected area in 1991 Affected area in 1997 Not affected Mine perimeter Landsat 5 - TM Years: 1984 - 1991 - 1997 Bare soil classes in stepwise classification

  31. 1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND PCALC MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE

  32. 1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND 1984-1997 PCALC MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE Grassland Shrubland Deciduous forest Conniferous forest Not restored area Restored area

  33. Land use \ Pair of years 56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97 56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97 Hectares % Grassland 0 8.7 239.5 0.0 0.3 7.9 Shrubland 0 125.9 583.1 0.0 4.1 19.2 Deciduous forest 0 12.3 95.2 0.0 0.4 3.1 Perennial forest 0 87 106.9 0.0 2.9 3.5 Original Vegetation 1169.4 665.3 581.6 38.5 21.9 19.2 Water 9.8 7.8 6.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 Bare soil 888.3 1160.5 454.4 29.3 38.2 15.0 Planned lake (< 340 m) 968.8 968.8 968.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 Total mine area 3036.3 3036.3 3036.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Restored 0 233.9 1024.7 0.0 7.7 33.7 RESTORATION EVALUATION

  34. Tasks Traditional ground-based surveys ASTERISMOS PCALC 1. DEM of year of interest (Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey) 9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m 4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m 2. Restoration (land use) map evaluation 0.25 p/m 4400 € (2 satellite images) + 0.25 p/m TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m 8500 €+ 0.35 p/m  5 % +  95 % COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

  35. FINAL RESTORATION PLAN AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

  36. Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea Taller

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