Wireless Sensor Networks Using ZIGBEE

1. Wireless Sensor Networks Using ZIGBEE Submitted By Kasif Ali Electronics & Comm. Engineering Engineering College Bikaner Bikaner - Rajasthan

2. Contents Introduction Advantages of Wireless Sensors Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware Overview of ZigBee Overview of IEEE 802.15.4 Applications

3. Introduction • A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. • The WSN is built of "nodes“. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting

4. Advantages of Wireless Sensors Traditional Sensing Method • Sensors do not have computation ability • Sensors do not communicate

5. collected information Advantages of Wireless Sensors WSN Sensing Method • Now, sensors become sensor nodes • Nodes process information and communicate it wirelessly Power Supply Sensor Communication

6. Microcontroller Radio Transceiver Power Supply Sensor Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware

7. Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware Microcontroller • Contains CPU, Memory and • Peripherals on same chip • Typically 8-bit or 16-bit • Operate at less than 20MHz • Memory less than 128kB • Low power consumption to • ensure long run times

8. Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware • Typically operate in the ISM bands • Use various modulation techniques • QPSK, BFSK, GFSK • Low Output Power 0dBm or 1mw • Low Range around 10-300 feet Radio Transceiver

9. Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware • Temperature • Humidity • Atmospheric Pressure • Light • Acceleration ( Accelerometer ) • Angular Rate ( Gyroscope) • Strain Sensors

10. Overview of ZIGBEE Zigbee is a technology developed as a global standard to comply with the needs of low cost and low power wireless networks. It has been designed with the facility to be able to provide an easy to use wireless solution which creates a secure and reliable network. Ability to support multiple network functions like the point to point or multipoint to point and also the mesh networks as well. It has the direct sequence spread spectrum as well. It also has the ability to run for years without any kind of maintenance and with an automatic meter reading.

11. Regulated by the ZigBee Alliance Topologies supported are Star, Mesh and Cluster Tree simpler and less expensive than Bluetooth Handles aspects such as messaging, configuration, security and application profile layers Why ZIGBEE ?

12. Zigbee Coordinator (ZC) Zigbee Router (ZR) Zigbee End Device (ZED) • Most capable device • Forms the root of the network tree • Acts as repository for security keys • Can pass data from one device to another • Contains just enough functionality to talk to its parent node either ZC or ZR Zigbee Device Classes

13. How ZigBee Works States of operation Modes of operation • Devices • -Active • -Sleep Full Function Devices (FFD’s) Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s) • - Beacon • - Non-beacon

14. Overview of IEEE 802.15.4 • Part of the 802.15 wireless PAN standard • Specifies the PHY and MAC layers • Created for low data rate and multi-month or multi-year battery life • Targeted Applications • Sensors • Interactive Toys • Smart Badges • Remote Controls • Home Automation

15. Overview of IEEE 802.15.4 16 Channels in 2.4GHz band – 250kbps DSSS used in all bands IEEE 802.15.4 Specifications 2.4GHz band uses O-QPSK modulation CSMA-CA channel access Two addressing modes supported

16. Wireless Technology Comparison

17. Applications Agricultural HVAC Systems Monitoring condition of Machinery Applications Home Automation Area Monitoring Structural Monitoring ( Bridges, Buildings)

18. Thank You !