기본 의학 용어

1. 기본 의학 용어 의공학교실 박 성 근

2. table 1. 의학용어의 특징 2. 인체의 기본구조 3. 병리학적 검사분야 4. 방사선과학적 검사분야 5. 임상병리 검사분야 6. 핵의학 검사분야 7. 약물요법 분야 8. 소화기계질환 분야 9. 심혈관계질환 분야 10. 호흡기계질환 분야 11. 근골격계질환 분야 12. 신경 및 정신계질환 분야 13. 비뇨기계 및 남성생식기계질환 분야 14. 내분비계 및 여성생식기계질환 분야 15. 피부과, 안과 및 이비인후과질환 분야 16. 병원의 진료 편제

3. 심장 및 대혈관

4. 승모판 및 삼첨판

5. 대동맥판막 및 폐동맥판막

8. aortic valve & coronary a. I

9. aortic valve & coronary a. II

10. 관상동맥 조영 I

11. 관상동맥 조영 II

12. 해부학적 용어 • vena cava: 대정맥 • superior vena cava (SVC): 상대정맥 • inferior vena cava (IVC): 하대정맥 • right atrium (pl. atria, RA): 우심방 • tricuspid valve: 삼첨판 • pulmonic (pulmonary) valve: 폐동맥 판(막) • pulmonary artery (PA): 폐동맥 • pulmonary (pulmonic) vein: 폐정맥 • left atrium (pl. atria, LA): 좌심방 • mitral valve: 승모판 • left ventricle (LV): 좌심실 • aortic valve: 대동맥 판(막) • aorta: 대동맥 • valve (leaflet): 판막(엽) • coronary a.: 관상동맥

13. 심장 종단면

14. 심장 단면도

15. 심장 전도도 I

16. 심장 전도도 II • sinoatrial node (SA node, sinus node) • atrioventricular node (AV node) • located in RA • autonomous innervation • sympathetic n. (T1-4) • vagus n. (CN X) • located in posteroinf. region of interatrial septum

17. 심장 전도도 III • AV bundle (bundle of His) • Purkinje fiber • located in ventricular septum • divides into two bundle branches • located in the inner ventricular walls • specialized myocardial fibers that conduct an electrical stimulus

18. conduction pathway

19. conduction & ECG

20. 심혈관계 질환 분야 • heart wall structure • (inter)atrial septum: 심방중격 • (inter)ventricular septum: 심실중격 • endocardium: 심내막 • myocardium: 심근(층) • epicardium: 심외막 • pericardium: 심막, 심낭 • conduction system • S-A (sinoatrial) node: 동결절 • A-V (atrioventricular) node: 방실결절 • atrioventricular bundle: 방실속 • purkinje fiber: 퍼킨지섬유

21. 심혈관계 질환 분야 • others • diastole: 확장기, 이완기 • systole: 수축기 • blood pressure (BP): 혈압

22. 심혈관계 질환 분야 • 증상 용어 • angina pectoris: 협심(증) • arrhythmia, dysrhythmia: 부정맥 • heart block: 심(장)블록 • bradycardia: 서맥 • tachycardia: 빈박, 빈맥 • cardiac arrest: 심박동정지 • (heart, cardiac) murmur: (심)잡음 • cyanosis: 청색증 • precordial pain: 흉통, 전흉부 통증 • regurgitation: 역류, 부전 • stenosis: 협착 • atresia: 폐쇄(증)

23. 심혈관계 질환 분야 • 판막명 + regurgitation, insufficiency, stenosis, atresia = 판막질환 병명 • e.g., • aortic regurgitation: 대동맥판막 부전증 • aortic stenosis: 대동맥판막 협착증 • tricuspid regurgitation: 삼첨판막 부전증 • tricuspid stenosis: 삼첨판막 협착증 • pulmonary atresia: 폐동맥판막 폐쇄증 • tricuspid atresia: 삼첨판막 폐쇄증

25. ECG analysis

26. normal ECG

27. heart block I • types • SA nodal blocks • AV nodal blocks • infra-Hisian block • SA nodal blocks • absent P wave on an ECG • subtypes • Wenckebach (Mobitz I) • Mobitz II • exit block • c.f., SA node suppression: atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation • AV nodal blocks • subtypes • 1st degree AV block (PR prolongation > 0.20 s) • 2nd degree AV block (one or more (but not all) of the atrial impulses fail to conduct to the ventricles) • 3rd degree AV block

28. heart block II • 2nd degree AV block • Wenckebach (Mobitz I): prolongation of PR int. on consecutive beats followed by a blocked P wave -> AV node dis. • Mobitz II: intermittently nonconducted P waves not preceded by PR prolongation and not followed by PR shortening -> His-Purkinje sys. dis. • 3rd degree AV block (complete heart block): impulse of the SA node does not propagate to the ventricles -> ventricular escape rhythm, i.e., P waves & QRS complexes are totally independent • infra-Hisian block • subtypes • Mobitz II • left bundle branch bl. • right bundle branch bl.

29. 1st-degree AV block

30. 2nd-degree AV block (Mobitz I)

31. 2nd-degree AV block (Mobitz II) 2:1 block

32. 3rd-degree AV block

33. heart block III • LBBB • supraventricular rhythm • QRS dur. => 120 ms • QS or rS in V1 • monophasic R in I & V6 • RBBB • supraventricular rhythm • QRS dur. => 100 ms (incomplete block) • QRS dur. => 120 ms (complete block) • terminal R in V1 • slurred S in I & V6

34. left bundle branch block

35. right bundle branch block

36. 심혈관계 질환 분야 • 질환명 • congenital heart disease (CHD): 선천성 심장질환 • VSD (ventricular septal defect): 심실중격결손증 • ASD (atrial septal defect): 심방중격결손증 • PDA (patent ductus arteriosus): 동맥관개존(증) • tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): 팔로사징[증] • TGA (transposition of the great arteries): 완전대혈관전위증 • SBE (subacute bacterial endocarditis): 아급성 (세균성) 심내막염 • myocarditis: 심근염 • pericarditis: 심낭염, 심막염

37. congenital heart disease • hypoplasia • hypoplastic left heart syndrome • hypoplastic right heart syndrome • obstruction defects • pulmonary valve stenosis • aortic valve stenosis • coarctation of aorta • septal defects • atrial septal defect (ASD): patent foramen ovale • ventricular septal defect (VSD) • cyanotic defects • tetralogy of Fallot • transposition of the great arteries

39. persistent ductus arteriosus

40. hypoplastic left heart syndrome

41. coarctation of aorta

42. ventricular septal defect

43. tetralogy of Fallot

44. transposition of the great arteries

45. infective endocarditis • acute • fulminant illness over days to weeks (less than about 6 weeks) • greater virulence • mainly Staphylococcus aureus • subacute • progresses slowly over weeks and months • low propensity to hematogenously seed extracardiac sites • mainly streptococci

46. infective endocarditis

47. Staphylococcus aureus

48. streptococci

49. 심혈관계 질환 분야 • rheumatic (valvular) heart disease: 류마티스[성] 심질환 • acute rheumatic fever: 급성 류마트열 • Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome): 가와사끼질환 (피부점막림프절증후군) • congestive heart failure: 울혈성 심부전 • coronary artery disease: 관상동맥질환 • ischemic heart disease: 허혈성 심질환 • myocardial infarction: 심근경색 • cardiomyopathy: 심근(병)증

50. rheumatic heart disease I • acute rheumatic fever • complication of a respiratory infections caused by the group A streptococcus (GAS) • M-protein -> Ab that cross-react with autoantigens on interstitial connective tissue (endocardium, synovium) • clinical Diagnosis: 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor • revised Jones’ major criteria • pancarditis • migratory polyarthritis • subcutaneous nodule • erythema marginatum • sydenham chorea (involuntary, purposeless movement)