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Secondary Reinforcers & Punishers

Secondary Reinforcers & Punishers. Lecture 9. Reinforcers & Punishers. Primary reinforcers & punishers biologically important stimuli food, water, sexual pleasure, pain & illness Secondary reinforcers & punishers money praise How do they become an S R ?

nicholas-sherman
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Secondary Reinforcers & Punishers

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  1. Secondary Reinforcers & Punishers Lecture 9

  2. Reinforcers & Punishers • Primary reinforcers & punishers • biologically important stimuli • food, water, sexual pleasure, pain & illness • Secondary reinforcers & punishers • money • praise • How do they become an SR? • Are associated with primary SR ~

  3. Secondary SRs • How do we know if something is an SR ? • Strengthen or weaken behavior that precedes it? • How does it become a secondary SR? • Classical conditioning • SD or SΔ that reliable predicts SR ~

  4. Secondary SRs are Predictive • 3 functions • As CS or SD/SΔ • CS elicits reflexive responses • With emotional component (CER) • CS as a consequence • *CS  CER • Modifies operant behavior • SD/SΔ sets occasion • For SR ~

  5. Pavlovian & Operant Conditioning • CS  CR • Consistently predicts US • SD consistently predicts SR • Becomes secondary SR • Higher order conditioning • CS & SD can act like US & SR ~

  6. Operant Conditioning Contingency positive negative SD SΔ NegativePunishment Positive RFT appetitive Negative RFT PositivePunishment aversive

  7. CERs Contingency positive negative CS+ CS- Positive Affect Negative Affect Appetitive US Negative Affect Positive Affect Aversive

  8. CER / SR Contingency positive negative CS+ or SD CS- or SΔ Positive Affect Negative Affect Appetitive US or SR Negative Affect Positive Affect Aversive

  9. CS1 US UR :  Mom picks up Food CS1 CR Mom picks up After learning Positive Affect  Conditioning: Pavlovian • Strong CS-US association  Strong CR ~ CS-US pairings  Hunger + Positive Affect

  10. CS2 CR After learning  See Mom Positive Affect Higher Order: Pavlovian • Strong CS1 Strong CR • Can act like a US • CS2 becomes associated  CR ~ CS2 CS1 CR CS2-CS1 pairings Positive Affect See Mom Mom Picks up : 

  11. Generalized Secondary SRs • Reinforce or punish wide variety of behaviors • Money • Token • Cultural differences ~

  12. Generalized Secondary SRs • Social attention • Affiliation • isolation • Facial expressions • Smiles • Frowns ~

  13. Review: Secondary SRs • US & SR • Biologically important events • CS+ & CS- similar to SD& SΔ • Signals for important events • US elicits reflexive response • & unconditional emotional response • CS+ & CS-  CERs • Learned reflexes, automatic ~

  14. Review: Secondary SRs • Higher order learning • New cues associated with CS • Also come to elicit CERs • Predictive cues • SD& SΔ for SR • Also CSs elicit CERs • CERs become secondary SR • Tokens: e.g. money • Social attention ~

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