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Tunicates

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Tunicates. Botrylloides violaceous. Large zooids, openings obvious. Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet Solid color, very little tunic between zooids. Botryllus schlosseri. Star shapes arrangement of zooids. Often black & white, but can be orange. Botrylloides v . Botryllus.

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Tunicates

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  1. Tunicates

  2. Botrylloides violaceous Large zooids, openings obvious • Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet • Solid color, very little tunic between zooids

  3. Botryllusschlosseri Star shapes arrangement of zooids • Often black & white, but can be orange

  4. Botrylloides v. Botryllus • Orange morph of Botryllusrare, but, star-shape is the giveaway! • Botrylloides can have looser zooid structure

  5. Cionaintestinalis Yellow band or clear at tips of siphons Red dot at end of intestine • Clear solitary • No color on siphons

  6. Cionasavingyi Spots of color at tips of siphons No red dot at end of intestine

  7. Which is which?

  8. Ascidiella aspersa • Firm transparent test, snags detritus • Tentacles in siphons • Elongate oval

  9. Molgulamanhattansis • Sea grape – small, round, like a peeled grape • Ascidiella is elongate and opaque in comparison

  10. Molgulacitrina • More color than M. manhattensis • Potentially more fouled tunic

  11. Dendrodoacarnea Small stubby round siphons • Small (<2cm), pink • Squashed looking

  12. Halocynthiapyriformis Siphons almost square • Sea peach • Larger (up to 10cm)

  13. Aplidiumpallidum • Sea pork - because it looks like a hunk of lard • White & clear • Occurs in chunks

  14. Didemnum vexillum • Think drippy sheet • Pendulous lobes common • Peeling away from rock • Yellow-ish white

  15. Didemnum vexillum Solid sheet, speckled with zooids & oscula • Typically very thick

  16. Didemnum albidum • Solid white sheet • VERY tight zooids • Some oscula • Thin & smooth

  17. Diplosomalisterianum • Thin diaphanous sheet • Can be greyish and/or yellowish • Like an odd plastic sheet Can have conspicuous oscula

  18. StyelaClava • Tunicate on a stalk! • Large rough pleated body • Curved siphon • Can be found in the frozen section of Hmart

  19. StyelaClava

  20. Bolteniaovifera • Stalked tunicate • Round zooid, like a lollipop • Smooth • Typically deep-water

  21. Bolteniaechinata • Stalked tunicate • Cactus-like with many spiky projections • Short stalk • Rare

  22. The Stalked Ones

  23. Bryozoans

  24. Bugula turrita Like a colony of Christmas trees

  25. Bugula fulva • Similar to B. neritina, but white/yellowish • Distinctive forking branches

  26. Bugula neritina Purple

  27. Tricellariainopinata • Short dense tufts • Heavily calcified – crunchy to the touch

  28. Crisiaeburnea • Very fine • Spindly, feathery • Bugula is much more solid • Not always very regular

  29. Dendrobeaniamurrayana • Small fans • Thick lattice • Like a lace tree

  30. Electra pilosa Encrusting stars

  31. Membraniporamembranacea • White crust • Amorphous • Fouling on algae • Blocky zooids give delicate appearance

  32. Lichenopora verrucaria • White • Often circular growth • Thicker in center, like luchen • On hard substrate Lichenopora

  33. Schizoporellaunicornis • Bumpy thick crust • Mix of orange and white • Amorphous, on rocky substrate Zooids like open pores

  34. Schizomavella auriculata • Bumpy thick crust • JUST orange/orange cream soda • Amorphous, on rocky substrate

  35. Sponges

  36. Cliona sp. • Bright yellow • Often boring into something rocky Large oscula

  37. Hymedesmia sp. 1 Blue

  38. Hymedesmia sp. 1 Orange Sheet

  39. Halisarca dujardini SLIMY!!!

  40. Leucosolenia sp. Many Tubes

  41. Scypha sp. • Small tubes • Vase-like

  42. Isodictya palmata Can have conspicuous oscula • Palmate • Orange palms, not so branching

  43. Haliclona oculata Cream-Orange Branching fingers

  44. Microciona prolifera • MANY red fingers

  45. Halichondria panicea • MANY forms • Often oscula obvious • Texture of bread crumbs when broken apart

  46. Hydroids

  47. Abietinariaabietina Coarsely branching

  48. Sertularia sp. Finer feathery branching

  49. Ectopleuracrocea Pink rosette tips, like flowers

  50. Obelia spp. • Fine and frilly • Lace-like covering • Often epiphytic

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