Monitoring of all batteries on vehicles with internal combustion engine

1. WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-242 Monitoring of all batteries on vehicles with internal combustion engine Helge Schmidt,19.07.2013

2. RCB correction IFM – drivetrain / emissions passenger cars / motorcycles The intention for a correction of CO2 and energy consumption according to the energy balance for all batteries is, to avoid that advantage is taken from using electric energy out of the battery during the driving cycle. This concept shall be used for all kinds of vehicles, also for vehicles with ICE. The corrected values for fuel consumption and CO2 emission should correspond to a zero energy balance (ΔEReESS = 0). For vehicles with ICE we prepared a draft GTR text for the correction of CO2 and energy consumption. For all OVC-HEVs, NOVC-HEVs, PEVs GTR Annex 8: “Vehicles with Complete or Partial Electric Propulsion” is valid. Only for ICE vehicles (where small corrections are to be expected) the correction according to the “Willans approach” is valid.

3. measurement IFM – drivetrain / emissions passenger cars / motorcycles For doing a correction of CO2 and energy consumption according to the energy balance ΔEReESS for all vehicle batteries, accurate data concerning RCB are needed. Normally a HIOKI is used for measuring. For measuring, a current transducer is fitted on one of the wires directly connected to the battery poles. On some vehicles it is difficult to connect the current transducer to the battery. Therefore vehicle on board data for doing the RCB correction should be used. Accuracy of the data delivered by the electronic system of the vehicle concerning charging and discharging of the battery has to be proved by comparison measurements for each vehicle family.

4. correction criteria (1) See Annex 8 for hybrid vehicles IFM – drivetrain / emissions passenger cars / motorcycles The test results shall be the uncorrected measured values in case any  ΔEReESS as calculated from the test result corresponds to ReESS discharging and ΔEReESS, as expressed as a percentage of the energy content of the fuel consumed over the cycle, as calculated in below formula, is smaller than the RCB correction criteria, according to the following table: :

5. correction criteria (2) CO2/FC correction not necessary SOC [Ah] ≥ - 0,5% Correction necessary < - 0,5 % Soak, Battery Charging is allowed Preconditioning cycle Soak, no Battery charging CO2 /FC Test IFM – drivetrain / emissions passenger cars / motorcycles

6. Willans approach IFM – drivetrain / emissions passenger cars / motorcycles For an easy correction of CO2 emissions and energy consumption the Willans lines are very useful. Following the “Willans approach”, the consumption of effective power is nearly constant and almost independent from engine speed at low engine loads. The Willans factors for different engine types (petrol, petrol turbo, diesel…) are officially described in the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. For an easy correction a single factor for the efficiency of the alternator shall be used. A value which is typical for up to date alternators is 0,67. This value is also used when approving innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council.