Word Splash

1. Word Splash • Use the following words to make a coherent sentence • Northerners • Southerners • Missouri Compromise • Slavery • Division

2. The War with Mexico • A border dispute with Mexico erupted into war in 1846 • President Polk offered to purchase California and set the border at the Rio Grande. Mexico rejected the offer. • The War was a one-sided American victory with General Winfield Scott capturing Mexico City in 1847

3. Consequences • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • Rio Grande as Southern Border • California and New Mexico territories transfer to U.S. for $15 Million and assumption of American claims against Mexico • Wilmot Proviso • An amendment to abolish slavery in the newly acquired territory

4. Conflict in the Territories • The defeat of the Wilmot Proviso left deep a sectional schism • It also left the Union without a solution to the issue of slavery in the territories • This left three competing ideas on resolution: • The Free-Soilers • The Southern View • Popular Sovereignty

5. The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay Presented it: • Congress would admit California as a free state. • The people of the territories of New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves whether slavery would be legal. • Congress would abolish the sale of enslaved people in Washington D.C. • Slavery itself would remain legal in Washington D.C. • A Fugitive Slave Act would order citizens of the US to assist in the return of enslaved people who had escaped from their owners. • It would also deny a jury trial to escaped slaves.

6. Standard 9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.

7. A

8. The Kansas-Nebraska Act • It created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. • The act established that settlers could vote to decide whether to allow slavery, in the name of popular sovereignty or rule of the people. • The Kansas-Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. • The act itself nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850.

9. Dred Scott v. Sanford • Dred Scott was a slave who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom. • His case was based on the fact that he was a slave, but had lived in states and territories where slavery was illegal. • The United States Supreme Court ruled seven to two against Scott, finding that neither he, nor any person of African ancestry, could claim citizenship in the United States, and that therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court. • Essentially, the Supreme Court stated that slaves were property.

10. Take a look at the Arguments

11. John Brown’s Raid = Harpers Ferry • It was an attempt by John Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia. • Within 36 hours of the failed attack, Brown's men had fled or been killed or captured by local farmers, militiamen, and U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee. • He was tried for treason against the state of Virginia, the murder of five proslavery Southerners, and inciting a slave insurrection and was subsequently hanged.

12. John Brown’s Influence • Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that a year later led to secession and the American Civil War. • Southerners said that Brown’s raid was a natural progression of the Republican anti-slavery position. • Northerners praised Brown as a hero and a martyr.

13. B

14. Lincoln, Politics, and Slavery • A frontier upbringing • Abraham Lincoln was born in a one-room cabin near Louisville, Kentucky, to poor parents who owned no slaves. Lincoln’s parents opposed slavery, and they moved to the Indiana Territory in 1816, settling near the Ohio River. • Lincoln’s early politics • In 1834, at 25, he was elected to the Illinois General Assembly, serving four terms. Lincoln studied law at home, becoming licensed to practice law in 1836. In 1842, he married Mary Todd, the daughter of a wealthy Kentucky slaveholder. By then he was practicing law full-time. • Lincoln in Congress • In 1846 Lincoln successfully ran for Congress. Lincoln charged President Polk, a slaveholding Democrat, with starting the Mexican-American War in order to spread slavery. Lincoln opposed slavery, but he believed each state had to decide. Lincoln’s proposal for compensation emancipation received little support, and he resigned from Congress in 1849 and returned home to practice law.

15. Election of 1860 • Democrats- primarily pro-slavery and anti-Federal government. • Republicans- primarily anti-slavery and pro Federal government. • These lines were not cut and dry. Many people were divided between these two groups and parties had support in the North and the South for sometimes different reasons.

16. Election of 1860 cont. • Lincoln was elected president with less than 40% of the popular vote. • This happened because the Southern vote was divided between two candidates.

17. Secession! The states break apart • A month after Lincoln’s election, South Carolina became the first state to secede, followed within months by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. • Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas warned that if the federal government made any attempt to use force against a state, they would also secede.

18. Secession! Southerners and secession Southerners’ support for secession was not universal. In some conventions 30 to 40 percent voted against secession. Some wanted their states to issue a final set of demands to the federal government and secede only if those demands were not met. But radical secessionism prevailed, and there would be a united resistance against the U.S. government. Northern response There was varied reaction in the North. Some felt the Union was better off with the slave states gone; others bore southerners no ill will. They merely wanted the South to go in peace. Still others worried about the long-term effects of letting secession proceed. President Lincoln agreed, saying that no state could get out of the Union without the consent of the other states.

19. Newspaper Article • Your job is to create a newspaper headline, article, and picture that takes place after the results of the election of 1860 come out. • You are to take the perspective of a Southerner or Northerner. • Your finished product must contain… • A picture • A headline • An article- In 5 sentences or more, write a brief article that goes along with your picture and headline.