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JICA’s Cooperation in Education Sector: with focus on experience on community participation

JICA’s Cooperation in Education Sector: with focus on experience on community participation. Sei KONDO Representative, India Office Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the Community of Democracies “Education for Democracy: Learning together”

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JICA’s Cooperation in Education Sector: with focus on experience on community participation

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  1. JICA’s Cooperation in Education Sector:with focus on experience on community participation Sei KONDO Representative, India Office Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the Community of Democracies “Education for Democracy: Learning together” New Delhi, 18 January 2013

  2. Today’s presentation • Intro • General view of Education sector in JICA’s cooperation • Case: Niger “School for all” project: • contributing creation of democratic environment

  3. What’s “JICA” ? • the World’s LargestBilateral Donor Agency • India: one of the most important partner country Grant Aid* JICA Grant Technical Cooperation bilateral assistance ODA Yen loans multilateral assistance international authority * A part of grant assistances is provided by MOFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan) 3

  4. Education sector and JICA • Priority: Basic/ higher education • TC & Grant Aid • US$ 350mn/year • MDG, EFA, TICAD process, etc… • Japanese experience on modernization/ democratization 4

  5. Education sector policy of JICA • Objectives : • Education as a basic human right • Contribution to social and economic development • Promotion of mutual understanding for a symbiotic multicultural society Education as a core foundation of democratic society building 5

  6. JICA’s strategy: Issues & Focus Improvement of Quality Improvement of Access ・School construction ・School mapping ・Girl’s education ・Non-formal education ・ Teacher training and education ・ Math and Science education ・ Learner-centered education ・ Teacher’s Guidebook ・ Improvement of school management ・ Capacity development of educationaladministration Improvement of Education management 6

  7. Experience of Niger ‘School for all’ projectEducational Development Through Community Participation: “The Community Changes the School!” 7

  8. General context of Niger • Sahel region confronted with serious natural handicaps: arid climate, drought, lack of natural resources and no access to the sea • A low level of HDI: consistently ranked amongst the bottom five in the world • Lacks the resources to support social sectors, notably education 8

  9. Low level of principal education indicators Gross intake ratio in 1st grade 51%; gross school enrollment ratio 45%; school completion rate 25% Inequality: Boys / Girls; Urban / Rural Educational Situation: (2002/2003) 9

  10. SCHOOL STU-DENT TEACH-ER PARENT’S ASSOCIA-TION PARENTS COMMUNITY Conventional Environment around school: VILLAGE SCHOOL IN THE VILLAGE 10

  11. COGES SCHOOL STU-DENT TEACH-ER PARENTS COMMUNITY School environment after the establishment of School Management Committee (COGES) VILLAGE SCHOOL OF THE VILLAGE COGES: Comité de gestion des établissments scolaires 11

  12. Decentralized school management (SBM) Parents Community Gov. COGES Parents (3) Mothers (1) Director (1) Teacher (1) Student (1) Community participation Students Teachers School Management Committee(COGES) 12

  13. Democratic election of Parents rep. for COGES members Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of School Action Plan Monitoring of COGES activities by local education administrators & Communal Federations of COGES Functional COGES Strategies for functional COGES:“Minimum package” Key Components:

  14. Democratic election: The basis of community participation

  15. Democratic election of Parents rep. for COGES members Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of School Action Plan Monitoring of COGES activities by local education administrators & Communal Federations of COGES Functional COGES Strategies for functional COGES:“Minimum package” Key Components:

  16. Examples of “School Action Plan” Activities Infrastructure and furniture Evening Group Tuition Promotion of education

  17. Examples of “School Action Plan” Activities School Security Hygiene and health Practical and productive activities Environment

  18. Democratic election of Parents rep. for COGES members Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of School Action Plan Monitoring of COGES activities by local education administrators & Communal Federations of COGES Functional COGES Strategies for functional COGES:“Minimum package” Key Components:

  19. MONI-TORING How does the community participate? The process of School Action Plan 1. Problem identification and search for realistic solutions at the General Assembly of the village 5. Annual assessment of results at the General Assembly 2. Formulation of a School Action Pan 4. Execution 3. Ratification of School Action Plan at the General Assembly

  20. Collective resolution on a selected theme (girl’s education) FORUM TANGIBLE OUTCOME IMPROVEMENT IN GIRLS ENROLEMENT RATE AWARENESS RAISING FOR GIRL’S EDUCATION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL Regional assembly of Communal Federation of COGES (FCC) General Assemblies of FCCs General Assemblies of COGES Effective Monitoring & Larger, tangible impact: Forum strategy Communal Federation of COGES (FCC) COGES 16

  21. Impact • 23(2004)　→　14,000(2007) • 214,125/400499 ≒53% (2004-2007) • (2002/3 – 2008/2009) • 51% → 91%Intake • 45% → 68%Enrolment • 30% → 50%Completion • Region-wide expansion 21

  22. Implication • Community can be most important (but dormant) resources • Communities can take the very leading actors, provided that they are formed into functional organizations • Functional community participation approach contributes strengthening democratic society 22

  23. Region-wide expansion of ’School for All’ program

  24. Thank you! शुक्रीया For further queries, please contact kondo.sei@jica.go.jp

  25. Success Factor • Alignment of National Education Policy • Development of realistic and “Functional” model which can create environment for collaborative work with local community/ school/ (local) government • Full utilisation of local resources: Sustainable model • Effective mainstreaming/ expansion strategy 25

  26. Way forward / Discussion • Coordination amongst many actors • Existence of Proper C/P is key • Versatility: non-LLDC country? 26

  27. Applied to other schools Applied to other schools Generalization of functional COGES 2004 Pilot schools 23 2006 All schools in the Zinder region 1 500 2005 All schools in the Tahua region 2004 Target schools of the EPT 329 Minimum Package Three key components Applied to other schools 2007 All schools in Niger 13 000 Evolution of the number of functional COGES

  28. Generalization of functional COGES Evolution of indicators: Universal Primary School Enrollment (SPU): 2001 to 2010 98.6% 72.9% Gross intake ratio in 1st grade Gross school enrollment ratio School completion ratio 40% 37%

  29. Forum 4-5/2009 Example of the Forum outcomes:Improvement of girl’s education Gender Parity After Forum Before Forum Forum 4-5/2009

  30. After Forum Before Forum Forum jan 2008 National Average Example of the Forum outcomes: Improvement of exam results

  31. JICA’s Cooperation Strategy for India India’s Development Strategy JICA’s Cooperation Strategy for India Stable Energy Supply - Improvement of Energy Supply Capacity, Energy Saving and Energy Sufficiency “Faster Growth” Improvement of Transportation Networks - Strengthening Major Transport Networks （Railways/Roads/Airports/Ports） - City Transport System （Metro/Outer Ring Roads) Employment Generation - Private Sector Assistance “Inclusive Growth” Employment Generation Income Generation in Rural Areas - Employment Generation in Rural Area - Enhancement of Agricultural Productivity - Improvement of Rural Environment & Infrastructure Improvement of Basic Social Services - Improvement of Basic Social Services (Health and Sanitation) Conservation and Improvement of Urban Environment - Pollution Prevention and Management (except Anti-Water Pollution Measures) - Water Quality and Water Resources Management Global Environmental Issues Environmental Conservation - Forestation and Forest Preservation 2

  32. India is JICA’s largest partner ODA Loan Operational results in FY2009: Commitment: JPY 218.2 billion (INR 10,910 cr.) Disbursement: JPY 129.1 billion (INR 6.455 cr.) No. of on-going projects: 63 Sector: Transport and urban infrastructure have been the major sectors in recent years Grant Aid Technical Cooperation Citizen Participation Operational results in FY2009: JPY 400 million (INR 20 cr.) No. of on-going projects: 1 Sector: Educational media production facilities for IGNOU, Medical equipment for several hospitals, etc. Operational results in FY2009: JPY 1,900 million (INR 95 cr.) No. of on-going projects: 21 Sector: Visionary leaders for manufacturing, Sustainable development of expressways, Water supply system, Reproductive health, etc. Volunteers; 11 volunteers Japanese language, Judo, Health educator, etc. NGO activities: 8 projects Farmers’ education, Gender improvement among women, Rural nutrition, etc. 3

  33. India is JICA’s largest partner (JPY billion) 4

  34. Collaboration with newly established IIT Hyderabad (IITH) HYDERABAD INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1.Entire Consortium Structure: All-Japan basis cooperation 3. R&D: Five academic area of cooperation • Nanotechnology & Nano science • Digital Communication • Environment & Energy • Design & Manufacturing • Civil & Urban Engineering IITH Consortium in Japan Academia MOFA* MEXT* Advisory committee of JICA MIC* Private sectors Government IITH Photo from project under implementation: “DISANET” project (Information Network for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Recovery) *MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MEXT: Ministry of Educational and Training, MIC: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication 4. Japanese ODA Loan • Proposed six building to be supported : Guest House, Students Activity Centre, Central Library, Auditorium, Convention Centre, Business Incubator/Science Technology Park • Technical Cooperation for Campus • design by ODA with support from • architects from academics and consultants • Loan Appraisal for Campus development • are expected in later half of FY2011 2. ODA Schemes for collaboration Combination of and coordination among ODA schemes for effective and efficient cooperation Vision of IITH Applicable ODA scheme ・SATREPS* (5 area of research activities) (Technical Cooperation) R&D ・Technical cooperation 　・Visit of experts, visit by Indian faculty members HRD (Education) Infrastructure (permanent campus) (Equipment/ Machinary) ・Japanese ODA Loan -Development of campus** -Procurement of equipment Source: Salient project report by IITH *SATREPS: Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development **Proposed building to be supported by Japanese ODA loan: Guest House, Students Activity Centre, Central Library, Auditorium, Convention Centre, Business Incubator/Science Technology Park 10

  35. II. JICA’s Profile in Basic Education(1) Issues Facing Basic Education Sector Improvement of enrolment in primary and lower-secondary education Issue 1 Issue 2 Improving the quality of primary and lower-secondary education Issue 3 Reducing gender disparity Issue 4 Expansion of Non-Formal Education Issue 5 Improving Education Management

  36. I. JICA’s policiesPosition Paper on Education Sector 2010“JICA’s Operation in Education Sector – Present and Future” • Objectives (Why): • Education as a basic human right • Contribution to social and economic development • Promotion of mutual understanding for a symbiotic multicultural society • Priorities (What): Basic education (teacher training, school management, construction of school facilities, capacity development of administrators) and higher education • Guiding principles (How): • Supporting policy-making reflecting on-the-ground knowledge • Longer-term engagement in alignment with partner countries' development plans • Promotion of network-type cooperation and exchange • Results-oriented project design, implementation, and evaluation

  37. (3) Regional trends: Math and Science Education Central & South America Cooperation based on PROMETAM Mongolia Afghanistan Myanmar Guatemala Laos Pakistan Nicaragua Uganda Sudan Cambodia Bangladesh Honduras Niger Indonesia Senegal Kenya Bolivia Asia & Middle East Various cooperation for each needs Burkina Faso Rwanda Ghana Malawi Africa Cooperation based on SMASE Nigeria Tanzania Angola Zambia （Jan. 2013, on-going only ）

  38. (3) Regional trends: Education Management Pakistan Senegal Laos Afghanistan Niger Nepal Mali Ethiopia Cambodia Burkina Faso Africa Cooperation based on “School for ALL” Asia・Middle East Various cooperation for each needs （ Jan. 2013, on-going only ）

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