PENING

2. PENING low the Shofar 2 2 2 2

3. PENING Why do we blow the Shofar? Exodus 19:16 “On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and there was the sounding of a very loud SHOFAR blast. Everyone in the camp trembled.” Because this is the way G-D begins sacred assemblies 3 3 3 3

4. abbath Lighting Baruch Attaw Adoni Elohaynu Melech Ha Olam Asher kidshanu bimitzvotav venatanu lechad likner shell Shabbat 4 4 4 4 4

5. HEMA ISRAELHear oh Israel Shema Israel Adoni Elohaynu (Hear oh Israel the L-RD our G-D) Adoni Echad (The L-RD is one) 5 5 5 5 5

6. hy do we recite/sing the SHEMA? Because Messiah said it was the greatest Commandment Mark 12:28-29 28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the greatest commandment of all?” 29 And Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:” 6 6 6 6 6

7. e-nay Ma TovBehold how good - Psalm 133:1Am He-Nay Maw tove Behold how good Oo-maw nye—eem And how pleasant it is Shevet aw-heem For brothers to dwell Gum Yaw Hawd In unity 7 7 7

8. menCL 3A A-men ….A-men….A-men, A-men, A-men Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Blessed be the Name, blessed be the Name Baw-rouk Ha-Shem Me-she-ach Blessed be the Name of Messiah 8 8 8

9. -Seh ShalomCL3 Play Em Em O-seh Shalom Beem rue-mawv Am D7 G Em Who yah-seh Shalom aw-lay-nu Am D7 G V'al kol Yees-raw-ale Em Am Em Bf7 Em B'-eem rue Eem rue Ah- main  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Em Am D7 G Ya-a-seh sha-lom Ya-a-seh sha-lom G Bf7 Em Shalom aw-lay-new V’al kol Yees-raw-ale Sing twice 2X 9 9 9

10. ring our gifts to the altar We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise Unto the House of the LORD (2 X) And we offer unto Him Our sacrifices with thanksgiving And we offer unto Him Our sacrifices with joy 10

11. Parsha • Torah… Num. 16:1 – 18:32 • Haftarah… 1 Sam. 11:14-12:22 • Brit Hadasha… John 9 – 10 • We read… • Num. 17 whole chapter • 1 Sam. 12 whole chapter • John 10:1 – 21

12. eview It was called the “Oral” Law because it was passed down from generation to generation orally. But it was never designed to be binding!

13. eview Yeshua called the Mishna “The traditions of the Elders”. These traditions are “fences” around the Torah put there as a guard for protection for us. Yeshua even quotes from the Rabbis of the Mishna including Rabbi Hillel. We have to remember that Yeshua Himself said “Do as the Pharisees say”.

14. eview The Mishna is a commentary on the Torah and the Gamara is a commentary on the Mishna. Together, they make up the Talmud.

15. eview The Talmud is not without it’s faults. There are inaccurate facts/data and even moral problems with some of it’s writers.

16. eview We talked about some of the Rabbis of the Mishna like Rabbi Hillel, Rabbi Gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer (who was more then likely a Believer in Yeshua). We also learned that the word Talmud comes from the word “study” or “learn” in Hebrew.

17. eview We also learned that there are 2 Talmuds. The Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. And the man who put together the Babylonian Talmud was Judah HaNasi. (In Talmud 101 class 9 we discuss the Jerusalem Talmud)

18. eview The Mishna has 6 Sederim (Seder = Orders) or books and they have tractates or essays within each order.

19. eview Then we studied about the Nazerite vow in tractate Nazir of the Talmud. We learned there was a life long vow and a temporary vow that couldn’t be under 30 days. We also looked at a few Biblical Characters who took the vow like Samuel and Samson as well as their mothers.

20. eview We read some New Testament passages that showed the vow being kept by Believers AFTER the death and resurrection of Yeshua. That in turn leads us to the conclusion that it can also be kept today.

21. his Class In this class we’re going to look at The Jerusalem Talmud. What language it was written in.

22. his Class The Bar Khoba war and its effect on the Jerusalem Talmud We’re going to look at how it differs from the Babylonian Talmud and why those differences are important.

23. his Class We’re also going to look at why the Orthodox Jews have preferred the Babylonian Talmud over the Jerusalem Talmud (until now). We’ll talk about that shortly

24. Date • Although the Babylonian Talmud was compiled before the Jerusalem Talmud was… • the Jerusalem Talmud is older then the Babylonian Talmud by about 200 years.

25. Language • The Jerusalem Talmud was written in Hebrew originally but the copies we have now are a combination of Hebrew and Aramaic.

26. Language • There’s debate if the Babylonian Talmud was originally written in Hebrew or Babylonian. • I believe it was written in Mishnaic Hebrew for many of the same reasons I believe the Brit Hadasha was written in Hebrew originally.

27. Language For one, as Jews we believe that Hebrew is the Holy Language Also we see that the vast majority of the Dead Sea scrolls were written in Hebrew NOT Aramaic or Greek!

28. Language Hebrew was the language of the day in Israel, not Greek or Aramaic. All Rabbis spoke, wrote and read Hebrew including in Babylonia.

29. Language Josephus himself says that the Jews of Jerusalem spoke in Hebrew. Any writings by Jews that had to do with G-d or His Word in the second temple period in Israel were originally written in His language.

30. Language Acts tells us that Paul preached to the people in Hebrew, not Aramaic or Greek. (Acts 21:40) When he had given him permission, Paul stood on the steps and motioned to the people for silence; and when there was a great hush, he addressed them in the Hebrew language.

31. Language Εβραΐδι The word Aramaic is never used in the New testament. ῾Εβραΐδι Hebraidi and ῾Εβραϊστὶ Hebraisti (both mean Hebrew) Same words used when Paul says..

32. Language in Philippians 3:5, that he is a “Hebrew of the Hebrews,”. It is sad that the belief that Aramaic had replaced Hebrew is so strong that Bible translators feel justified in changing the text of the New Testament instead of

33. Language simply faithfully translating what it says even if it is in contradiction to current scholarship. This same belief has permeated Talmudic academia and some Talmudists are still stuck on Babylonian.

34. BarKokhbaWar • The teachings of the Jerusalem Talmud primarily came from the Yeshivas in Caesarea, Sepphoris and Tiberius. • These were the major academies in Israel after the BarKokhbaWar 132–136 • Many Christians think the last major war in Israel was when the destruction of the temple took place • This isn't true.

35. BarKokhbaWar There was a man named Shimon Bar Koseva he was the leader of Israel from 132 to 135AD He was a very charismatic but ruthless individual. He was a dictator and ruled the Jews by fear.

36. BarKokhbaWar He was involved in every detail in Israel from it’s military to the economics of the state. He was very arrogant even towards G-d.

37. BarKokhbaWar When he went to battle he told G-d to "neither assist nor discourage us." A famous Rabbi of the time, Rabbi Akiva announced that Bar Koseva was the Messiah.

38. BarKokhbaWar And gave him the title Bar Kokhba which means “son of the star” Bar Kokhba is a reference to the messiah being a star in Numbers 24:17: "There shall come a star out of Jacob".

39. BarKokhbaWar He was a descendent of King David and he promised to end the Roman occupation So many Jews believed he was indeed the Messiah.

40. BarKokhbaWar Rabbi Akiva demanded that in order for any Jews to fight with Bar Kokhba against the Romans, they would have to declare that Bar Kokhba was the Meshiach (Messiah).

41. BarKokhbaWar Of course, the Messianics refused to do this, they knew that Yeshua was the Messiah so they didn’t participate in the war.

42. BarKokhbaWar Bar Kokhba went to war without the Messianics and he lost. He barely lost. Bar-Kokhba and his men had controlled large amounts of land in the Judean hills, and the Judean desert

43. BarKokhbaWar 3.5 They also maintained contact with Jews in other areas. Bar-Kokhba led the Jewish army through three and a half years of revolt.

44. BarKokhbaWar He died in a massive battle at Bethar, in the Judean hills having barely lost the war. Had the Messianics been able to join his forces, he would've won!

45. BarKokhbaWar But because Akiva insisted that Bar Khoba be called the Messiah and Bar Khoba allowed this… he lost the war and his life. Rabbi Akiva was captured and then tortured to death.

46. BarKokhbaWar After that, the Romans did not allow any Jews to live in Jerusalem so they all left (Those mostly being the Messianics who were alive because they didn’t fight in the war.)

47. The First Great Schism • So the “First Church” in Jerusalem was left to a Gentile leadership. • Dr. Ray Pritz points out that the Jewish leadership fled to Pella in Jordan at this time, and they still kept all of G-d’s Laws and Feasts quoting from Epiphanaus and Hegesippus.

48. The First Great Schism • But the gentile Church who was left in leadership quickly began to adopt paganism which led to the rise of the Catholic (Universal) Church.

49. The First Great Schism • The rest of the Jews who were not messianic went to Babylonia and the schools/yeshivas there thrived.

50. The Rise of the Academies In Israel • A few did stay in Israel and that’s how the schools in Sephoris, Caesarea and Tiberius became the centers for Israel’s Rabbinical training.