Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact/empires in east asia

1. Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact/empires in east asia

2. A New Rome, A New Setting • Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) • Justinian was leader who re-unified western and eastern Rome • Established the Justinian Code(law code) to guide society • Rebuilt Constantinople • Built churches, palaces, roads, schools, hospitals • Became a booming city of the day

3. What happened to the “new” Roman Empire? • Justinian died • Plague hit the empire • At the worst, 10,000 were dying every day • Faced constant attacks from foreign enemies • Held back many attacks • Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453

4. How was Russia “born?” • Viking and Slavs united to create a settlement in Russia’s first important city, Novgorod • Kiev was soon settled and was used as a point of trade to distant lands • Vikings and Slavs began to intermarry and the line between the two vanished • Kiev’s power continued to grow for the next fifty years, however a steady decline began in 1054 that would lead to Kiev’s downfall

5. The Mongol Invasions • Middle 1200s, Mongols arrived in Russia • Nomads, led by Genghis Khan, one of the most feared warriors of all time • Used brutal warfare-savage killing & burning of land • Arrived in Kiev in 1240 • destroyed city • Mongols were tolerant of Russian customs and traditions • Had to pay tribute • Had to obey laws

6. How did Russia become free? • Moscow founded in 1100s • Located near three major rivers • Ivan I, earned his way into Mongol leadership • Future generations schemed to take on more power • Ivan III openly challenged the Mongols • 1480 final break was made

7. The Tang Dynasty Expands China • Ruled for nearly 300 years • Begun by Tang Taizong • Empire expanded • Reconquered lost lands • Extended influence over Korea • Stronger central government • Improved roads • Civil service system • Empire eventually became difficult to control • Internal rebellions • Outside attacks

8. General named Taizu reunited China and declared himself first emperor of the Song Dynasty Empire was smaller, but more stable and powerful China’s Song Dynasty

9. Prosperous China • Science • Moveable type • Gun powder • Explosive weapons • Agriculture • Improved cultivation of rice • Trade • Flourished • Silk road • Port cities • Poetry and Art • Great poetry

10. Large Gentry (upper class) Urban middle class Laborers, soldiers, servants Women were subservient to men Chinese Social Classes

11. Who were the Mongols? • Nomads • Originally from steppes of Eurasia • United under Genghis Khan • Led for 21 years • Brilliant organizer • Gifted strategist • Used cruelty as a weapon • Conquered much of Asia, beginning with China

12. Mongol Rule in China • Kept separate identity • Lived apart from Chinese • Obeyed different laws • Kept Chinese out of government offices • Foreign trade increased • Silk Road • Port Cities

13. Venetian trader Traveled along Silk Road Loyal to Mongols in China Marco Polo

14. Why did Mongol Rule in China end? • Armies and navies suffered defeat • Spent too much on wars, public works and luxuries • Rebellion broke out and Mongols overthrown

15. Geography of Southeast Asia • Warm, humid tropics • Heavy, seasonal rains • Seas and straits • Mountains, which made transportation and communication difficult

16. Growth of Japanese Civilization • First mention of Japan in 1st century BC • Japan was not united at this time • Many different clans • Early religion was Shinto • Way of the Gods • First led by Yamato Clan

17. Buddhism arrived in Japan mid-700s Borrowed most culture from China Food Arts System of government Japanese Culture

18. Feudalism in Japan • Small landowners traded parts of their land to strong warlords in exchange for protection • Lords surrounded themselves with samurai for protection • Valued fairness, reverence to gods and generosity